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Information Management Security for Inter-Organisational Business Processes, Services and Collaboration Maria Semmelrock-Picej 1 , Alfred Possegger 2 and Andreas Stopper 2 1 eBusiness Institute, Klagenfurt University, Austria 2 Infineon IT-Services GmbH Austria, Austria Maria.Semmelrock-Picej@aau.at Alfred.Possegger@infineon.com Andreas.Stopper@infineon.com Abstract: Web-based collaborations and cross-organizational processes typically require dynamic and contextbased interactions between involved parties and services. Due to temporary nature of collaboration and an evolving of competencies of involved companies over time security issues like trust, privacy and identity management are of a high interest for a long lasting success of virtual collaborations This paper adresses this issue by presenting some results of an international research project. The vision of this project is to implement a virtual cooperation system for SMEs to be used for realizing competitive advantages through virtual cooperations. The paper describes some results of this system. Especially we will discuss issues concerned with identity management. Identity Federation is one of the key concepts of SPIKE to support “virtual organizations”, their fast setup, comfortable maintenance and orderly closing. This paper describes the mechanisms from which collaboration partners, registered at the SPIKE platform, will be authenticated by using a standardized identity federation protocol – Shibboleth. It is shown how the identity data of a company, using its own IDMS, can be integrated into the SPIKE platform and what a company has to setup from a technical point of view so that its employees can be authenticated via Shibboleth. Further an approach is presented suitable for mostly SMEs which do not have an own IDMS. Keywords: eCollaboration, security, identity management, phases of cooperation 1. Introduction Nowadays competition is no longer between single enterprises but among supply chains with numerous actors. Effective supply chain management has therefore become a potentially valuable way of securing a competitive advantage and improving organizational performance. Firms are seeking synergistic combinations of resources and changing their roles and value positions through digital collaborations (Klein, Rai and Straub 2007). However the understanding of the how and which areas are most important for the success is still incomplete. It has been noted in literature that information and communication technologies have a significant impact on the economic situation and knowledge based activites in peripheral regions. Especially for SMEs in the cross-border region Carinthia and Slovenia (Ziener 2010) identified a low rate of internationalization, a small amount of crossborder supply chain networks and activities limited to regional borders. ICT support collaboration among people with different competencies and capabilities in virtual collaborations (Mohrmann et al. 2003), facilitate knowledge access and sharing (Davenport and Prusak 1998) and enable the codification and dissemination of explicit knowledge (Zack 1999). Virtual collaboration also increases the knowledge about who knows what, enabling virtual joint work and supporting easier and fast setup of short-term project based and loosely coupled chains among participants. In doing so, studies have analyzed that a participation of small and medium sized enterprises in eCollaboration environments could improve their situation in peripheral regions. However, despite the general agreement on the positive impacts of virtual collaborations, detailed micro level evidence on the preconditions and success is limited. Yet it has been analysed, that the way SMEs interact in collaborative environments depends to a big extent on the security functionalities and management which impact on almost all knowledge-related activities as a basic precondition. In other words, existing work typically narrows to very specific processes or activities. This contribution emphasizes the potential capability of ICTs and their fundamental role to create a virtual dimension through which companies can share and create new knowledge at both tacit and explicit level. Companies have a serious privacy concern about how their information is used, disclosed and protected and the degree of control they have over the dissemination of the information. Especially 238
Maria Semmelrock-Picej et al. they are concerned about possible undesirable economic consequences resulting from a misuse of such information. Indeed, many companies express concern about the privacy and identity management and research suggests that identity management is of focal concern to companies. Identity Management is a hot area, experiencing considerable growth and gets more and more one of the challenging key disciplines an IT department of a midsize to large enterprise has to ise (Jackson 2010). It is not surprising because organizations, supply chains and customers have been tightly connected together in digital networked economy. Another important aspect is that of identity theft and misuse, leading to serious damages within enterprises and also in the Internet development. The major contribution of this paper is in revealing and discussing the identitiy federation approach that impact trust in collaborative environments. In doing so, this paper shows, based on the standardized Shibboleth protocol, how the identity data of a company can be integrated, when taking part in collaborations. The second contribution of this paper is in identifying the requirements of smallest companies in this field. When talking about these issues in an enterprise context mostly midsize to large enterprises are in the focus of consideration. This paper presents solutions which bridge this gap by offering the necessary functionality also to smallest companies. These findings should enhance very small companies to also start collaborating virtually. 2. The SPIKE project 2.1 Introduction SPIKE as a virtual infrastructure aims at researching and implementing a virtual collaboration platform. In order to reach these goals SPIKE’s security infrastructure is highly reliable and adaptive and consists of the following layers (see next figure), (Semmelrock-Picej and Possegger 2010): A: Network Enterprise Layer – at level A different companies offer their particular tacit and explicit knowledge, expertise, resources and skills. All involved companies are characterized by a number of criteria like strategic position, size of company, market, location, and so on. B: Conceptual SPIKE Layer: The Service Mediatior of this layer combines all provided tangible and intangible resources and coordinats them accordingly to the requirements of the market which than form a new product (see figure 1 B). Level B also consists of mapping instruments to assign involved companies and their services and capabilities to the tasks of the business process. This layer particularly supports the selection, orchestration, management and execution several kinds of services in a controlled way. 2.2 Security functions in SPIKE In participating the SPIKE platform companies/users first name their identity. The system validates the user’s claimed identity (authentication). Both steps precede access control which aims at preventing unauthorized use of a resource as well as use of resources in an unauthorized way. As identities in virtual cooperations are not anonymous trust and reputation mechanisms are the key to success of open, dynamic and service oriented virtual collaborations as they lead to social trust of involved persons in virtual cooperations and are therefore the best strategy to ensure virtual cooperation. However, this trust is based on repeated interactions wich can be successful or fail. Therefore a key aspect of our approach is the permanent process of the analysis and evaluation of interactions which automatically determine trust. In the last years trust has mostly been connected and analysed in combination with technical security issues. Based on this several definitions has been developed (Josang, Ismail and Boyd 2007; Artz and Gil 2007). For our discussion we understand trust more human centric which relies on previous interactions and improves human collaboration supported with technical systems in a virtual environment. For this communication is the basis for directly influencing trust between individuals in business collaborations (Economist 2008) and relies on the experiences of previous interactions (Billhardt, Hermoso, Ossowski and Centeno 2007; Mui, Mohtashemi and Helberstadt 2002) and the similarity of interests and skills (Matsuo and Yamamoto 2009). In addition especially in social networks and collaborations trust is strongly related to information disclosure, identity management and privacy and can also be used as a basic model to improve document recommendations to better match interests of users. 239
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The Proceedings of the 6th Internat
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Contents Paper Title Author(s) Page
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Preface These Proceedings are the w
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Biographies of contributing authors
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Department of Computer Science, IQR
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Using the Longest Common Substring
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Jaime Acosta Some techniques that u
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Jaime Acosta assigned by an anti-vi
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Jaime Acosta Cormen, T.H., Leiserso
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang tran
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang ther
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang the
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Edwin Leigh Armistead and Thomas Mu
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Deception Operations Security (OPS
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The Uses and Limits of Game Theory
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3. Limits to using game theory 3.1
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Merritt Baer Effective cyberintrusi
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Merritt Baer 1.5), there seems to b
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Merritt Baer Report of the Defense
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden F
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden a
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Marco Carvalho et al. systems start
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Marco Carvalho et al. Benatallah, 2
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Marco Carvalho et al. management la
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Marco Carvalho et al. Figure 4: Sta
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Marco Carvalho et al. Sorrels, D.,
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Manoj Cherukuri and Srinivas Mukkam
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. to see bo
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. socially
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. The views
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Vincent Garramone and Daniel Likari
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Stephen Groat et al. Sections 4 and
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Stephen Groat et al. probability fo
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Stephen Groat et al. host. In this
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Stephen Groat et al. changing addre
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Marthie Grobler et al. leadership,
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Marthie Grobler et al. apply to sta
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Marthie Grobler et al. 6. Working t
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Cyber Strategy and the Law of Armed
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Ulf Haeussler Alliance and Allies r
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Ulf Haeussler following the invocat
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Ulf Haeussler NCSA (2009) NCSA Supp
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen of respon
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen From a mi
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen productiv
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Intelligence-Driven Computer Networ
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Eric Hutchins et al. of defensive a
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Eric Hutchins et al. Defenders can
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Eric Hutchins et al. Equally as imp
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Eric Hutchins et al. X-Mailer: Yaho
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Eric Hutchins et al. Received: (qma
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Eric Hutchins et al. U.S.-China Eco
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Saara Jantunen and Aki-Mauri Huhtin
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver In t
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver Figu
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4. Evaluation Brian Jewell and Just
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver othe
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Detection of YASS Using Calibration
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Kesav Kancherla and Srinivas Mukkam
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M M M Su−2 Sv ∑∑ u= 1 v= 1 h(
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5.2 ROC curves Kesav Kancherla and
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Developing a Knowledge System for I
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Louise Leenen et al. We distinction
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Louise Leenen et al. There is growi
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3.1 Needs analysis Louise Leenen et
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Louise Leenen et al. Kroenke, D.M.
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Jose Mas y Rubi et al. As we can se
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Figure 2: CALEA forensic model (Pel
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Jose Mas y Rubi et al. Table 2: Com
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Jose Mas y Rubi et al. Another pend
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Tree of Objectives Acknowledgements
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Secure Proactive Recovery - a Hardw
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. implementing
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. The coordina
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. multiplicati
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Ruchika Mehresh et al. Table 2: App
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2. Network infiltration detection D
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David Merritt and Barry Mullins on
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David Merritt and Barry Mullins Ess
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Michael Bilzor a diverse base of U.
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Michael Bilzor In our current exper
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5. Execution monitor theory Michael
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Michael Bilzor design was run in si
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Michael Bilzor over testbench metho
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Evan Dembskey and Elmarie Biermann
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Theoretical Offensive Cyber Militia
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Rain Ottis Last, but not least, it
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Rain Ottis an infantry battalion, w
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Rain Ottis Ottis, R. (2008) “Anal
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Work in Progress Papers 315
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Large-Scale Analysis of Continuous
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References William Acosta Abadi, D.
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Natarajan Vijayarangan top box unit
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Natarajan Vijayarangan The proposed
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