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Ruchika Mehresh et al. Table 1: Execution times (in hours) for the Scimark workloads across three cases Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 (M=10) Case 3 (M=25) FFT LU SOR Sparse 3421.09 222.69 13.6562 23.9479 3477.46 226.36 13.8811 24.3426 3824.63 249.08 15.2026 26.7313 3593.39 233.83 13.8811 24.3426 Figure 4: Percentage execution time overheads incurred by the Scimark workloads while shifting between cases As Table 1 shows, for a checkpoint interval of 1 hour and M =10, the workload LU executes for approximately 10 days. Figure 5 shows the effect of increasing checkpoint interval for workload LU for different values of M ranging from 5 to 25. The optimal checkpoint interval values (and the corresponding execution times) for the graph plots in Figure 5 are provided in Table 2. Figure 5: Effect of checkpoint interval on workload execution times at different values of M Note that we used the multi-step approach for this simulation and the parameters for the simulation model were derived from experimentation. Therefore, these results do not just represent the data trends but are also close to the statistically expected real-world values. 178
Ruchika Mehresh et al. Table 2: Approximate optimal checkpoint interval values and their corresponding workload execution times for LU (Case 3) at different values of M 6. Conclusion Optimal Checkpoint Interval (hours) Execution Times(hours) M=5 M=10 M=15 M=25 0.3 0.5 0.65 0.95 248.97 241.57 238.16 235.06 This paper proposes a hardware based proactive solution to secure the recovery phase of mission critical applications. A detailed threat model is developed to analyze the security provided by our scheme. The biggest strengths of this research is its ability to deal with smart adversaries, give priority to mission assurance, and use redundant hardware for capturing integrity status of a replica outside the user space. Since this scheme is simple and has no visible application specific dependencies, its implementation has the potential to be application transparent. For performance evaluation, we investigated a simplified mission critical application prototype using a multi-step simulation approach. We plan to enhance the centralized architecture to a distributed system for our future research work. We defined cases to investigate the cost involved in applying our security scheme to all kinds of systems (including the legacy systems with no fault tolerance). The performance evaluation showed promising results and the cost/performance overhead is only a small percentage of the original execution times when faults are absent. As the rate of fault occurrence increases, the overhead increases too, but this additional overhead comes with fault tolerance and security. Overall, we believe that our solution provides strong security at low cost for mission critical applications. Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by ITT Grant No. 200821J. This paper has been approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2010-6094 dated 16 Nov 2010. References Abramovici, M. and Stroud, C.E. (2001) "BIST-based test and diagnosis of FPGA logic blocks", IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, volume 9, number 1, pages 159-172, February. Banatre, M., Pataricza, A., Moorsel, A., Palanque, P. and Strigini, L. (2007) From resilience-building to resiliencescaling technologies: Directions – ReSIST, NoE Deliverable D13. DI/FCUL TR 07–28, Dep. Of Informatics, Univ. of Lisbon, November. Bessani, A., Reiser, H.P., Sousa, P., Gashi, I., Stankovic, V., Distler, T., Kapitza, R., Daidone, A. and Obelheiro, R. (2008) “FOREVER: Fault/intrusiOn REmoVal through Evolution & Recovery”, Proceedings of the ACM Middleware'08 companion, December. Del Carlo, C. (2003) Intrusion detection evasion, SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room, May. Elnozahy, E.N., Alvisi, L., Wang, Y. and Johnson, D.B. (2002) "A survey of rollback-recovery protocols in message-passing systems", ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), volume 34 number 3, pages 375-408, September. Haeberlen, A., Kouznetsov, P. and Druschel, P. (2006) “The case for Byzantine fault detection”, Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Hot Topics in System Dependability, volume 2, November. Hrivnak, A. (2002) Host Based Intrusion Detection: An Overview of Tripwire and Intruder Alert, SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room, January. Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R.K., Bagchi, S. and Whisnant, K. (1999) "Chameleon: a software infrastructure for adaptive fault tolerance", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, volume 10, number 6, pages 560- 579, June. Mehresh, R., Upadhyaya, S. and Kwiat, K. (2010) “A Multi-Step Simulation Approach Toward Fault Tolerant system Evaluation”, Third International Workshop on Dependable Network Computing and Mobile Systems, October. Patterson, D. and Hennessy, J. (1994) Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann. Sousa, P., Bessani, A., Correia,M., Neves, N.F. and Verissimo, P. (2007) “Resilient intrusion tolerance through proactive and reactive recovery”, Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Pacific Rim Int. Symp. on Dependable Computing, pages 373–380, December. Todd, A.D., Raines, R.A., Baldwin, R.O., Mullins, B.E. and Rogers, S.K. (2007) “Alert Verification Evasion Through Server Response Forging”, Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium, RAID, pages 256- 275, September. Wagner, D. and Soto, P. (2002) “Mimicry attacks on host-based intrusion detection systems”, Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, November. 179
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The Proceedings of the 6th Internat
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Contents Paper Title Author(s) Page
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Preface These Proceedings are the w
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Biographies of contributing authors
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Department of Computer Science, IQR
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Using the Longest Common Substring
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Jaime Acosta Some techniques that u
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Jaime Acosta assigned by an anti-vi
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Jaime Acosta Cormen, T.H., Leiserso
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang tran
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang ther
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang the
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Edwin Leigh Armistead and Thomas Mu
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Deception Operations Security (OPS
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The Uses and Limits of Game Theory
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3. Limits to using game theory 3.1
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Merritt Baer Effective cyberintrusi
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Merritt Baer 1.5), there seems to b
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Merritt Baer Report of the Defense
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden F
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. socially
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Vincent Garramone and Daniel Likari
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Stephen Groat et al. Sections 4 and
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Stephen Groat et al. probability fo
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Stephen Groat et al. host. In this
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Stephen Groat et al. changing addre
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Marthie Grobler et al. leadership,
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Cyber Strategy and the Law of Armed
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Ulf Haeussler Alliance and Allies r
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Ulf Haeussler following the invocat
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Ulf Haeussler NCSA (2009) NCSA Supp
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen of respon
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen From a mi
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen productiv
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Intelligence-Driven Computer Networ
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Eric Hutchins et al. of defensive a
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Eric Hutchins et al. Defenders can
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Eric Hutchins et al. X-Mailer: Yaho
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Eric Hutchins et al. Received: (qma
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Eric Hutchins et al. U.S.-China Eco
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Figure 1: UPX packed Trojan Figure
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Trojan.Zb ot- 1342.mal Trojan.Sp y.
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Madhu Shankarapani and Srinivas Muk
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Tanya Zlateva et al. Computer Infor
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PhD Research Papers 277
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Level 3 all
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Shada Alsalamah et al. assure the a
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Shada Alsalamah et al. for Health I
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3. Hematology Laboratory System Who
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Pirnejad, H.
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Michael Bilzor a diverse base of U.
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Michael Bilzor In our current exper
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5. Execution monitor theory Michael
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Michael Bilzor design was run in si
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Michael Bilzor over testbench metho
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Evan Dembskey and Elmarie Biermann
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Theoretical Offensive Cyber Militia
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Rain Ottis Last, but not least, it
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Rain Ottis Ottis, R. (2008) “Anal
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Work in Progress Papers 315
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Large-Scale Analysis of Continuous
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References William Acosta Abadi, D.
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Natarajan Vijayarangan top box unit
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Natarajan Vijayarangan The proposed
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