6th European Conference - Academic Conferences

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Christopher Perr anonymity of attackers, separates classified networks from the unclassified, develops systems where security is integral in the design, and creates a robust network which recovers gracefully from error and attack while limiting the scope of that attack at every level. This is where funding is necessary for new research an innovation in the relatively immature field of computing and networks. 7. Conclusion Cyberspace is dangerous and scary. The borders are vast, and the landscape is constantly changing. Fortunately the possibilities of operating in cyberspace offers excellent rewards and given an appropriate but flexible strategy, reinforcing policy measures, and the drive to guide technological development cyberspace can also be a safe place to operate. This paper should serve as a call to make strides in these three areas, and to humbly offer up a base guide to tackling both present and future issues in cyberspace. References Agence France-Presse, US military prepares for 'cyber command:' official | ABS-CBN News | Latest Philippine Headlines, Breaking News, Video, Analysis, Features. ABS-CBN News. Available at: http://www.abscbnnews.com/technology/04/24/09/us-military-prepares-cyber-command-official [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Alexander, K., Advanced Questions for Lieutenant General Keith Alexander, USA, Nominee for Commander, United States Cyber Command, Available at: http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Kcm4Wm7WxDcJ:armedservices.senate.gov/statemnt/2010/04%2520April/Alexander%252004-15- 10.pdf+Advance+Questions+for+Lieutenant+General+Keith+Alexander,+USA+Nominee+for+Commander& hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESii_NfX8DuWogAeIT3BXixKWHsUgQjUlYpebRb4XQjwsDRhXLVTbXwl aGTT7EulMH-DBJeo4rim_l2kT3M32rWC7AxmMzROsxLQwQVOYDVY2Gi9pKohKDV89kkb- GHIOMwFll3A&sig=AHIEtbSnKTroECzRqeFhTGnXyvf4JMu62A [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Arquilla, J., 2007. Information strategy and warfare : a guide to theory and practice, New York: Routledge. Baocun, W. & Fei, L., INFORMATION WARFARE. Available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/world/china/docs/iw_wang.htm [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Campen, A., 1992. The first information war : the story of communications, computers, and intelligence systems in the Persian Gulf War, Fairfax Va.: AFCEA International Press. Clarke, R., 2010. Cyber war : the next threat to national security and what to do about it 1st ed., New York: Ecco. Department of Homeland Security, DHS | Office of Cybersecurity and Communications. Available at: http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/gc_1185202475883.shtm [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Fulghum, Israel used electronic attack in air strike against Syrian mystery target - ABC News. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=3702807&page=1 [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Leyden, J., 2008. Estonia fines man for DDoS attacks • The Register. The Register. Available at: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/24/estonian_ddos_fine/ [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Markoff, J., Google Asks N.S.A. to Investigate Cyberattacks - NYTimes.com. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/science/05google.html?fta=y [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Markoff, J. & Barboza, D., Chinese <strong>Academic</strong>s’ Paper on Cyberwar Sets Off Alarms in U.S. - NYTimes.com. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/21/world/asia/21grid.html?_r=1 [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Markoff, J., Sanger, D.E. & Shanker, T., CYBERWAR - In Digital Combat, U.S. Finds No Easy Deterrent - Series - NYTimes.com. Available at: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404E4DE123BF935A15752C0A9669D8B63 [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Miller, F.P., Vandome, A.F. & McBrewster, J., 2010. Information Operations Roadmap. Miniwatts Marketing Group, United States Internet Usage, Broadband and Telecommunications Reports - Statistics. Available at: http://www.internetworldstats.com/am/us.htm [Accessed September 11, 2010]. msnbc.com staff, U.S. eyes N. Korea for ‘massive’ cyber attacks - Technology & science - Security - msnbc.com. Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31789294 [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Office of Force Transformation, 2005. Implementation of Network-Centric Warfare, Office of Force Transformation. Reuters, FBI probes cyber attack on Citigroup: report | Reuters. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5BL0I320091222 [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Trias, E.D. & Bell, B.M., Cyber This, Cyber That . . . So What? Air & Space Power Journal, Spring 2010. Available at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj10/spr10/trias.html [Accessed September 11, 2010]. Wallace, R., 2009. Spycraft : the secret history of the CIA's spytechs, from communism to Al-Qaeda, New York: Plume. Waterman, S., Analysis: Who cyber smacked Estonia? - UPI.com. Available at: http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2007/06/11/Analysis-Who-cyber-smacked- Estonia/UPI-26831181580439/ [Accessed September 11, 2010]. 212
Catch me if you can: Cyber Anonymity David Rohret and Michael Kraft Joint Information Operations Warfare Center (JIOWC) Texas, USA drohret@ieee.org mkraft5@csc.com Abstract: Advances in network security and litigation have empowered and enabled corporations to conduct Internet and desktop surveillance on their employees to increase productivity and their customers to gain valuable marketing data. Governments have spent billions to monitor cyberspace and have entered agreements with corporations to provide surveillance data on adversarial groups, competitors, and citizenry (Reuters, 2010). The Chinese government’s monitoring of the Internet (Markoff, 2008), the United Kingdom’s plan to track every email, phone call, and website visited (Whitehead, 2010), and the recent announcement from the United States that a program named the “Perfect Citizen” (Bradley, 2010) will be used to identify those committing cybercrimes and terrorist activities. These government surveillance programs have many concerned that anonymity on the Internet is non-existent and that real objectivity and candidness found on news, educational, and research websites is being replaced with a “big brother” atmosphere; preventing open discussion and information transfers between domains. Although the initial intent of network and Internet monitoring may be honourable; terrorists, hackers, and cyber-criminals already have access to the necessary tools and methodologies to continue in their activities unabated. State and non-state adversaries can use these same tools and methodologies to divert malicious and offensive actions towards a common adversary, avoiding attribution while increasing tensions among non-actors. Concerned educators, scientists, and citizens are rebelling against Internet monitoring providing the impetus for developers and entrepreneurs to create methods, tools, and virtual private networks that provide secrecy for those wishing to remain invisible; avoiding detection from employers, law enforcement, and other government agencies (Ultimate-Anonymity, 2010). The intent of this research is to first briefly identify the efforts required by governments to track and monitor individuals and groups wishing to remain anonymous within the cyber community. The authors define “cyber community” as the boundaries within any tool, process, or mechanism utilizing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/ Internet Protocol (IP), or similar protocols that allow for the transfer and aggregation of information and data. In contrast, the authors will then identify a process to remain wholly anonymous in the context of an internet identity. This will be demonstrated in a step-by-step case study using a ”paranoid” approach to remaining anonymous. Keywords: anonymity, network, internet surveillance, foreign proxy, hacker, big brother 1. Terms defined The term Internet anonymity, and the abstract or hypothetical optimum of remaining anonymous, have differing definitions based on the “completeness” of anonymity desired. In several definitions “anonymous”, is simply remaining obscure (Answers.com, 2010), and not necessarily completely hidden from site. In other definitions, anonymous refers to remaining nameless, without shape or form (wordnetweb.princeton.edu, 2010), and this is the definition the authors have used throughout this paper. This theme also extends to other terms that describe deception, the destruction of data or misdirection; specifically, the completeness of the action being described. The word “government” will also be used in a manner that includes all government entities, including law enforcement, military, and intelligence agencies. 2. Overview Network-centric red teams are charged with emulating known adversaries and hackers (remote and insider threats) using, for the most part, only open-source and publically accessible tools and software. Unlike penetration testers, who use exploits to validate vulnerabilities, red teams are responsible for viewing networks or systems from every angle to defeat defences in place. This will include, but is not limited to, physical security, biometrics, social engineering, and of course, preventing the blue team from assigning attribution to the red teams actions. In this type of security stress-test a client is able to fully realize their systems security posture, which encompasses much more than a vulnerability scan and penetration test. Governments and corporations have realized the advantages of communications and data transfers via the Internet for economical and defensive purposes. They have also realized the dangers and costs of cyber crimes, malicious hacking, espionage, and cyber warfare; developing new technologies and implementing new legislation to defend networks and to trace/track attacks to their electronic point of origin (EPO). Without verification and validation courts will not convict and governments are unwilling to counter attack as clear attribution cannot be assigned. In order to remain anonymous or 213
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The Proceedings of the 6th Internat
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Contents Paper Title Author(s) Page
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Preface These Proceedings are the w
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Biographies of contributing authors
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Department of Computer Science, IQR
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Using the Longest Common Substring
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Jaime Acosta Some techniques that u
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Jaime Acosta assigned by an anti-vi
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Jaime Acosta Cormen, T.H., Leiserso
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang tran
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang ther
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Hind Al Falasi and Liren Zhang the
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Edwin Leigh Armistead and Thomas Mu
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Deception Operations Security (OPS
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The Uses and Limits of Game Theory
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3. Limits to using game theory 3.1
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Merritt Baer Effective cyberintrusi
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Merritt Baer 1.5), there seems to b
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Merritt Baer Report of the Defense
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden F
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Ivan Burke and Renier van Heerden a
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Marco Carvalho et al. systems start
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Marco Carvalho et al. Benatallah, 2
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Marco Carvalho et al. management la
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Marco Carvalho et al. Figure 4: Sta
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Marco Carvalho et al. Sorrels, D.,
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Manoj Cherukuri and Srinivas Mukkam
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. to see bo
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. trivial.
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. socially
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Mecealus Cronkrite et al. The views
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Vincent Garramone and Daniel Likari
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Stephen Groat et al. Sections 4 and
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Stephen Groat et al. probability fo
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Stephen Groat et al. host. In this
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Stephen Groat et al. changing addre
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Marthie Grobler et al. leadership,
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Marthie Grobler et al. apply to sta
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Marthie Grobler et al. 6. Working t
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Cyber Strategy and the Law of Armed
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Ulf Haeussler Alliance and Allies r
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Ulf Haeussler following the invocat
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Ulf Haeussler NCSA (2009) NCSA Supp
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen of respon
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen From a mi
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Karim Hamza and Van Dalen productiv
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Intelligence-Driven Computer Networ
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Eric Hutchins et al. of defensive a
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Eric Hutchins et al. Defenders can
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Eric Hutchins et al. Equally as imp
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Eric Hutchins et al. X-Mailer: Yaho
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Eric Hutchins et al. Received: (qma
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Eric Hutchins et al. U.S.-China Eco
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Saara Jantunen and Aki-Mauri Huhtin
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver In t
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver Figu
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4. Evaluation Brian Jewell and Just
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Brian Jewell and Justin Beaver othe
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Detection of YASS Using Calibration
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Kesav Kancherla and Srinivas Mukkam
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M M M Su−2 Sv ∑∑ u= 1 v= 1 h(
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5.2 ROC curves Kesav Kancherla and
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Developing a Knowledge System for I
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Louise Leenen et al. We distinction
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Louise Leenen et al. There is growi
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3.1 Needs analysis Louise Leenen et
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Louise Leenen et al. Kroenke, D.M.
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Page 177 and 178: Jose Mas y Rubi et al. Another pend
Page 179 and 180: Tree of Objectives Acknowledgements
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Page 183 and 184: Ruchika Mehresh et al. implementing
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Page 189 and 190: Ruchika Mehresh et al. Table 2: App
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Page 199 and 200: Muhammad Naveed Pakistan Computer E
Page 201 and 202: Muhammad Naveed response could also
Page 203 and 204: Muhammad Naveed Table 10: Aggressiv
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Page 209 and 210: Muhammad Naveed Austalian Taxation
Page 211 and 212: Alexandru Nitu world and bring it i
Page 213 and 214: Alexandru Nitu Article 51 restricts
Page 215 and 216: Alexandru Nitu As IW strategy and t
Page 217 and 218: Cyberwarfare and Anonymity Christop
Page 219 and 220: Christopher Perr attacks again help
Page 221: Christopher Perr about the current
Page 225 and 226: David Rohret and Michael Kraft reve
Page 227 and 228: David Rohret and Michael Kraft sary
Page 229 and 230: Data (Evidence) Removal Shield Davi
Page 231 and 232: Neutrality in the Context of Cyberw
Page 233 and 234: Julie Ryan and Daniel Ryan 18th cen
Page 235 and 236: Julie Ryan and Daniel Ryan “Decla
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Page 239 and 240: Harm Schotanus et al. In the remain
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Page 245 and 246: Harm Schotanus et al. the label (by
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Namosha Veerasamy and Marthie Grobl
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Namosha Veerasamy and Marthie Grobl
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4. Conclusion Namosha Veerasamy and
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Tanya Zlateva et al. Computer Infor
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Tanya Zlateva et al. security and v
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Tanya Zlateva et al. court opinions
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Tanya Zlateva et al. 5. Pedagogy, e
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PhD Research Papers 277
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Level 3 all
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Shada Alsalamah et al. assure the a
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Shada Alsalamah et al. for Health I
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3. Hematology Laboratory System Who
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Shada Alsalamah et al. Pirnejad, H.
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Michael Bilzor a diverse base of U.
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Michael Bilzor In our current exper
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5. Execution monitor theory Michael
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Michael Bilzor design was run in si
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Michael Bilzor over testbench metho
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Evan Dembskey and Elmarie Biermann
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Theoretical Offensive Cyber Militia
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Rain Ottis Last, but not least, it
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Rain Ottis an infantry battalion, w
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Rain Ottis Ottis, R. (2008) “Anal
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Work in Progress Papers 315
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Large-Scale Analysis of Continuous
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References William Acosta Abadi, D.
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Natarajan Vijayarangan top box unit
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Natarajan Vijayarangan The proposed
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