TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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Table 5.16 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Employment Statistics, 1972-98 Motor vehicle Sales of Sales of Total Employees per Employees per manufacturing domestic domestic Employees per Expenditure domestic vehicle million dollar million dollar employees automobiles” light trucksb hundred per new expenditures” expenditure expenditure Year (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) vehicles sold domestic car (millions) (current) (constant 199Sd) 1972 415 9,327 2,096 3.6 $4,034 $46,080 9.0 29.9 1973 462 9,676 2,512 3.8 $4,181 $50,958 9.1 28.5 1974 416 7,454 2,163 4.3 $4,524 $43,507 9.6 27.6 1975 375 7,053 2,053 4.1 $5,084 $46,295 8.1 21.4 1976 416 8,611 2,720 3.7 $5,506 $62,388 6.7 16.7 1977 442 9,109 3,108 3.6 $5,985 $73,119 6.0 14.3 1978 470 9,312 3,473 3.7 $6,478 $82,821 5.7 12.5 1979 463 8,341 2,844 4.1 $6,889 $77,053 6.0 12.2 1980 368 6,581 1,959 4.3 $7,609 $64,98 1 5.7 10.5 1981 359 6,209 1,745 4.5 $8,912 $70,886 5.1 8.6 1982 318 5,759 2,062 4.1 $9,865 $77,154 4.1 6.6 1983 349 6,795 2,518 3.7 $10,516 $97,936 3.6 5.5 1984 392 7,952 3,257 3.5 $11,079 $124,185 3.2 4.7 1985 409 8,205 3,691 3.4 $11,589 $137,863 3.0 4.3 1986 400 8,215 3,671 3.4 $12,319 S 146,424 2.7 3.8 1987 381 7,081 3,785 3.5 $12,922 $140,410 2.7 3.7 1988 357 7,526 4,195 3.0 $13,418 $157,272 2.3 3.0 1989 350 7,073 4,108 3.1 $13,936 $155,818 2.2 2.8 1990 329 6,897 3,948 3.0 $14,489 $157,133 2.1 2.6 1991 316 6,137 3,595 3.2 $15,192 $147,849 2.1 2.5 1992 314 6,277 4,233 3.0 $15,644 $164,418 1.9 2.2 1993 319 6,742 4,987 2.7 $15,976 $187,383 1.7 1.9 1994 340 7,255 5,638 2.6 $16,930 $218,278 1.6 1.7 1995 355 7,129 5,663 2.8 $16,864 $215,724 1.6 1.7 1996 342 7,254 6,088 2.6 $17,468 $233,058 1.5 1.5 1997 352 6,917 6,226 2.7 $17,838 $234,440 1.5 1.5 1998 344 6,761 6,683 2.6 $18,579 $249,776 1.4 1.4 Average hnnualpercentage change 1972-98 -0.7% -1.2% 4.6% -1.2% 6.1% 6.7% -6.9% -11.1% 1988-98 -0.4% -1.1% 4.8% -1.4% 3.3% 4.7% -4.8% -7.3% Source: Employees - U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Covered Employment and Wages, SIC 3711, www.bls.gov, April 2000. Sales - See Table 6.4. Expenditures - See Table 5.10. a Vehicles produced in North America. b Less than 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight. c Estimated as domestic auto and light truck vehicle sales multiplied by average expenditure. d Adjusted by the implicit Gross National Product price deflator.
Employees of motor vehicle and related industries comprise 7.6% of the laborforce. For employment in the entire transportation industry, see the next table. Industry Motor vehicle and equipment manufacturing Motor vehicles and equipment Travel trailers and campers Transportation equipment not elsewhere classified Automotive stampings Carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and valves Vehicular lighting equipment Storage batteries Electrical equipmentfor internal combustion engines Tires and inner tubes Cold-rolled steel sheet, strip, and bars Road construction and maintenance Motor freight transportation and related services Trucking and courier services, except by air or by the U.S. Postal Service Petroleum refining and wholesale distribution Passenger transportation Automotive sales and servicing Table 5.17 Employees of Motor Vehicle and Related Industries, 1990 and 1997 1990 1997 Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent total motor total U.S. total motor total U.S. change Employees vehicle employment” Employees vehicle employment” 1990-95 1,055,595 15.0% 707,160 10.0% 14,301 0.2% 17,263 0.2% 111,548 1.6% 19,674 0.3% 15,586 0.2% 23,518 0.3% 61,675 0. Yr% 68,505 1.0% 16,365 0.2% 261,461 3.7% l&X2,836 23.6% 1.1% 1,192,105 14.8% 1.1% 12.9% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 815,513 b 60,739 10.1% 0.1% 126,712 I. 6% 0.0% 18,290 0.2% 0.0% 16,689 0.2% 0.0(X 23,131 0.3% 0.1’S 52,885 0.7% O.lC% 63,699 0.8% 0.0% 14,447 0.2% 0.3% 1,458,847 20.71%; 1.6% 1,811,597 264,820 3.8% 672,27 1 9.5% 3,135,783 44.5% b 0.8% b 15.3% 0.8% 0.1% 251.8% 0.1% 0.0% O.OC% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% b 13.6% -7.0% 7.1% -1.6’X -14.3% -7.0% -11.7% b b b b 1.8% 2,056,223 25.5% 2.0% 23.7% 0.3% 238,298 0.7% 907,395 3.4% 3,656,899 22.5% 3.0% 11.3% 45.4% 1.7% 0.2% 0.9% 3.5% 24.2% -10.0% 35.0% Total of motor vehicle and related 7,052,766 100.0% 7.5% 8,050,920 100.0% 7.6% 14.2% industries U.S. Total” 93,476,087 100.0% 105,299,123 100.0% 12.6% Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns web site: tier2censusgov/cbp/, February 2000. (Additional resources: wwwcensusgov) :‘Data for employees of establishments totally exempt from FICA are excluded, as are self-employed persons, domestic service workers, railroad employees, agricultural production workers and most government employees. “Data are not available. TELANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITION~O-2000 16.6% 5-19
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84: I The transportation sector account
Page 85 and 86: The transportation sector accounted
Page 87 and 88: I Historically the transportation s
Page 89 and 90: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
Page 95 and 96: Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
Page 107 and 108: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 109 and 110: Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 111 and 112: 2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
Page 113 and 114: Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
Page 115 and 116: I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
Page 117 and 118: Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
Page 121 and 122: - I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
Page 123 and 124: Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
Page 125 and 126: Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
Page 127 and 128: As of January 2000, only five state
Page 129 and 130: I In current dollars, import cars,
Page 131 and 132: I The total cost of operating an au
Page 133: Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
Page 137 and 138: Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
Page 139 and 140: Year China India Japan France 1950
Page 141 and 142: 1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
Page 143 and 144: Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
Page 145 and 146: Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
Page 147 and 148: I Using current registration data a
Page 149 and 150: I Using current registration data a
Page 151 and 152: Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
Page 153 and 154: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 155 and 156: Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
Page 159 and 160: Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
Page 161 and 162: Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
Page 163 and 164: 0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
Page 165 and 166: I The average auto lost over 300pou
Page 167 and 168: I The number of conventional refuel
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
Page 171 and 172: Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
Page 173 and 174: I The two earlier studies by the Fe
Page 175 and 176: Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
Page 177 and 178: I The New York Test Cycle was devel
Page 179 and 180: Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
Page 181 and 182: B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
Page 183 and 184: Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
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General aviation - That portion of
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Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
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Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
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Petroleum inventories: The amounts
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Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
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Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
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Certification (continued) Cities Ci
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Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
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Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
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Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
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Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
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Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
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Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
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International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
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Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
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Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
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Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
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Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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