TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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5 =I s I Oxygenate refinery input increased signijkantly in 1995, most certainly due to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 which mandated the sale of reformulated gasoline in certain areas beginning in January 1995. Year Crude oil 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1988-98 Natural gas liquids Table 1.7 U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 1987-98 (thousand barrels) Fuel ethanol 4,691,783 280,889 d 4,848,175 304,566 d 4,891,381 182,109 d 4,894,379 170,589 d 4,855,016 172,306 d 4,908,603 171,701 d 4,968,641 179,213 3,351 5,061,111 169,868 3,620 5,100,317 172,026 9,055 5,195,265 164,552 11,156 5,35 1,466 151,769 11,803 5,434,383 146,921 11,722 1.3% -5.7% e Oxygenates Methanol MTBE” Other oxygenatesb d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d 782 49,393 1,084 242 52,937 1,676 246 79,396 3,876 126 79,407 3,444 496 86,240 3,750 675 89,362 3,363 Average annualpercentage change e e e Other hydrocarbons” Other liquids 1993-98 Source: 1.8% -3.9% 28.5% -2.9% 12.6% 25.4% 7.9% -7.1% U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual, 1998, Vol. 1, June 1999, Table 16, and annual. (Additional resources: www.eia.doe.gov) Total input to refineries 23,304 220,296 5,105,392 19,515 203,794 5,258,386 21,757 202,040 5,297,287 28,642 231,466 5,325,076 31,574 248,691 5,307,587 47,918 224,758 5,352,980 15,543 264,53 1 5,482,538 14,130 179,678 5,483,262 14,668 175,743 5,555,327 20,587 193,695 5,668,232 22,976 178,292 5,806,792 22,759 183,376 5,892,561 “Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). bIncludes ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), and other aliphatic alcohols and ethers intended for motor gasoline blending. ‘For 1987-92, includes other hydrocarbons/hydrogen/oxygenates. For 1993-on, includes other hydrocarbons/hydrogen. dReported in “Other hydrocarbons” category in this year. ‘Data are not available. -0.2% -1.7% 1.3% 1.5%
I When crude oil and other hydrocarbons are processed into products that are, on average, less dense than the input, a processing volume gain occurs. Due to this gain, the product yield from a barrel of crude oil is more than 100%. The processing volume gain has been growing over the years. Year Table 1.8 Refinery Yield of Petroleum Products from a Barrel of Crude Oil, 1978-98 (percentage) Motor Distillate gasoline fuel oil Jet fuel 1978 44.1 21.4 1979 43.0 21.5 1980 44.5 19.7 1981 44.8 20.5 1982 46.4 21.5 1983 47.6 20.5 1984 46.7 21.5 1985 45.6 21.6 1986 45.7 21.2 1987 46.4 20.5 1988 46.0 20.8 1989 45.7 20.8 1990 45.6 20.9 1991 45.7 21.3 1992 46.0 21.2 1993 46.1 21.9 1994 45.5 22.3 1995 46.4 21.8 1996 45.7 22.7 1997 45.7 22.5 1998 46.2 22.3 6.6 6.9 7.4 7.6 8.1 8.5 9.1 9.6 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 Liquified petroleum gas Other” Total” 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 29.6 104.0 30.3 104.0 30.0 104.0 28.7 _ 104.0 26.2 104.4 24.8 104.1 24.2 104.4 24.6 104.5 24.8 104.7 24.5 104.8 24.4 104.8 24.2 104.8 24.1 104.9 24.1 105.2 24.0 105.4 23.3 105.4 23.2 105.3 22.9 105.3 22.4 105.7 22.5 105.6 22.5 105.8 Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual 1998, Vol. 1, June 1999, Table 19 and annual. (Additional resources: www.eia.doe.gov) 3. Includes aviation gasoline, kerosene, naphtha and other oils for petrochemical feedstock use, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products. b Products sum greater than 100% due to processing gain. The processing gain for years 1978 to 1980 is assumed to be 4%. I ( l-11
Page 1: Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
Page 7 and 8: Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
Page 9 and 10: Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
Page 11 and 12: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 15: of them. FOREWORD This edition has
Page 19: ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
Page 23 and 24: Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
Page 27 and 28: I The UnitedStates has increased it
Page 29 and 30: I The share ofpetroleum imported to
Page 31: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
Page 35 and 36: TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
Page 37: Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
Page 40 and 41: 1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
Page 42 and 43: 2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
Page 44 and 45: 2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
Page 46 and 47: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 48 and 49: Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
Page 50 and 51: 2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
Page 52 and 53: Great care should be taken when com
Page 54 and 55: I Great care should be taken when c
Page 57 and 58: Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
Page 59 and 60: 1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
Page 63 and 64: Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
Page 65 and 66: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
Page 75 and 76: Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
Page 77 and 78: I The transportation sector account
Page 83 and 84:
I The transportation sector account
Page 85 and 86:
The transportation sector accounted
Page 87 and 88:
I Historically the transportation s
Page 89 and 90:
The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 91 and 92:
Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 109 and 110:
Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
Page 117 and 118:
Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
Page 125 and 126:
Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
Page 127 and 128:
As of January 2000, only five state
Page 129 and 130:
I In current dollars, import cars,
Page 131 and 132:
I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
Page 137 and 138:
Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
Page 155 and 156:
Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
Page 258 and 259:
A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
Page 268 and 269:
A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298:
General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300:
Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302:
Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304:
Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306:
Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308:
TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310:
Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
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Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314:
Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316:
Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318:
Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320:
Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321 and 322:
Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324:
Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326:
Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328:
Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330:
International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332:
Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342:
Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346:
Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348:
Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350:
Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351:
Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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