TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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Mode of Transportation All modes Single modes Truck For-hire truck Private truck Rail Water Shallow draft Great Lakes Deep draft Air (includes truck and air) Pipelineb Multiple modes Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier Truck and rail Truck and water Rail and water Other multiple modes Table 8.11 Growth of Freight Activity in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys (Detail may not add to total because of rounding) Value Tons Ton-miles Average miles per shipment 1997 (billion 1997 1993 (billion 1997 Percent change 1997 1993 (millions) (millions) Percent change 1997 (billions) 1993 (billions) Percent change 1997 1993 Percent change dollars) dollars) 6,944.0 5:719.6 4981.5 2901.3 2036.5 319.6 75.8 53.9 1.5 20.4 229.1 113.5 945.9 6,360.g 9.2% 5,376.3 6.4% 4791.0 4.0% 2856.1 1.6% 1910.4 6.6% 269.2 18.7% 67.1 13.1% 44.3 21.7% c c 21.5 -4.9% 151.3 51.4% 97.8 16.1% 720.9 31.2% 11,089.7 9,688.5 10,436.5 8,922.3 7700.7 6385.9 3402.6 2808.3 4137.3 3543.5 1,549x 1,544.1 563.4 505.4 414.8 362.5 38.4 33.0 110.2 109.9 4.5 3.1 618.2 483.6 216.7 225.7 14.5% 17.0% 20.6% 21.2% 16.8% 0.4% 11.5% 14.4% c 0.2% 42.6% 27.8% -4.0% 855.9 612.8 39.7% 23.7 18.9 25.4% 18.0 75.7 90.4 -16.3% 54.2 40.6 33.5% 55.6 8.2 10.2 -19.4% 33.2 68.0 -51.2% 34.8 1.8 4.0 -55.2% 79.3 79.2 0.1% 77.6 4.3 3.5 22.0% 26.2 18.9 38.6% 18.6 2,661.4 2,420.g 9.9% 472 2,383.5 2,136.g 11.5% 184 1023.5 869.5 17.7% 144 741.1 629.0 17.8% 485 268.6 235.9 13.9% 53 1,022.5 942.6 8.5% 769 261.7 272.0 -3.8% 482 189.3 164.4 15.2% 177 13.4 12.4 8.2% 204 59.0 95.2 -38.0% 1,024 6.2 4.0 55.5% 1,380 c c c c 204.5 191.5 6.8% 813 13.2 36.8% 813 37.7 47.5% 1,347 40.6 -14.4% 1,265 72.2 lo.>% 1,09? 424 11.4% 197 -6.4% 144 -0.1% 472 2.9% 52 2.1% 766 3.0% c c c c 534 -61.8% 1,861 -45.0% 1,415 -2.5% c c 736 10.5% 734 10.7% 1,403 -3.9% 1,417 -10.7% 627 74.J% 1,082 Other and unknown modes 278.6 263.6 5.7% 436.5 540.5 -19.2% 73.4 92.6 -20.7% 122 229 -46.9% Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Freight USA, Washington, DC, 2000. (Additional resources: www.bts.gov/cfs) ’ “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments which went by private truck only, for-hire truck only, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. b CFS data for pipeline lack most shipments of crude oil. ’ Denotes data do not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived from other data published in this table. However, figures obtained in this manner are subject to these same limitations. - - -
Some,freight activities, such as pipeline shipments, were not within the scope qf the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS). Data for the out-of-scope freight activities are estimated here and added to the CFS data to give a more complete picture of total freight activity. Table 8.12 Commodity Flow Survey Freight Activity, 1997 Value Value per Value per (billion Tons Ton miles Value Tons Ton miles ton pound Ton miles Mode dollars) (millions) (billions) (percent) (percent) (percent) (dollars) (dollars) per ton a CFS 1997: Parcel, postal, courier service $856 24 18 10.0 0.2 0.5 35,667 $17.83 750 Truck’(for-hire, private, both) $4,982 7,70 1 1,024 58.2 52.0 26.6 647 $0.32 133 Air (including truck and air) $229 4 6 2.7 0.0 0.2 57,250 $28.63 1,500 Rail $320 1,550 1,023 3.7 10.5 26.6 206 $0.10 660 Water $76 563 262 0.9 3.8 6.8 135 $0.07 465 Pipeline ’ $113 618 244 1.3 4.2 6.3 183 $0.09 395 Truck and rail $76 54 56 0.9 0.4 1.5 1,407 $0.70 1,037 Other intermodal combinations’ $14 139 131 0.2 0.9 3.4 101 $0.05 942 Other and unknown modes $279 437 73 3.3 3.0 1.9 638 $0.32 167 CFS 1997 Subtotal $6,945 11,090 2,837 81.1 74.9 73.7 626 $0.31 256 Estimates of Out-of-scope Components: Truck Farm based truck shipments $197 Imports from Canada $100 Imports from Mexico $57 Pipeline Crude oil $81 Petroleum products d $37 Water e Imports $403 Exports $222 Other $61 Rail Imports from Canada and Mexico $40 Non-commodity Air Imports $213 Exports $211 US Mail f Out-of-scope Estimates Subtotal $1,622 1,050 39 2.3 7.1 1.0 188 $0.09 37 67 32 1.2 0.5 0.8 1,493 $0.75 478 18 14 0.7 0.1 0.4 3,167 $1.58 778 740 377 0.9 5.0 9.8 109 $0.05 509 90 35 0.4 0.6 0.9 411 $0.21 389 765 411 481 62 10 3 3 10 3,710 58 48 358 43 10 4.7 5.2 2.6 2.8 0.7 3.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 2.5 2.5 1,014 18.9 1.5 1.2 9.3 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.1 26.3 527 $0.26 540 $0.27 127 $0.06 645 $0.32 71,000 70,333 CFS + Out-of-scope Estimates: $8,567 14,800 3,851 100.0 100.0 100.0 580 Intermodal Total (excluding air)” $946 217 205 11.0 1.5 5.3 4,359 lntermodal Total (including air) $1,175 221 211 13.7 1.5 5.5 5,317 Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Freight USA, Washington, DC, 2000. (Additional resources: www.bts.gov/cfs) 437 $35.50 $35.17 76 117 744 694 1,000 $0.22 273 $0.29 272 $2.18 945 $2.66 1,047 ” Tonnage for CFS pipeline and U.S. Mail was not included in the total tonnage for the calculation of ton-miles/ton. ’ The pipeline ton-miles shown here are not a CFS estimate, but were calculated using data from the Assn. of Oil Pipe Lines. ’ This includes truck and water, rail and water, and other combinations. d These numbers are the differences between the FERC totals and CFS estimates. e Ton-miles for water imports & exports include only the portion of ton-miles within the U.S. Waterways to or from the U.S. port. f U.S. Mail tonnage includes all mail except class B standard mail, and international parcel post for surface and air mail. % Intermodal total is a combination of parcel, postal, courier; truck and rail; truclc and water; rail and water; and other intermodal. It excludes truck and air which is added to air transportation. TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITION~O-2000 8-13
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
Page 143 and 144: Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
Page 145 and 146: Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
Page 147 and 148: I Using current registration data a
Page 149 and 150: I Using current registration data a
Page 151 and 152: Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
Page 153 and 154: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 155 and 156: Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
Page 159 and 160: Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
Page 161 and 162: Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
Page 163 and 164: 0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
Page 165 and 166: I The average auto lost over 300pou
Page 167 and 168: I The number of conventional refuel
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
Page 171 and 172: Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
Page 173 and 174: I The two earlier studies by the Fe
Page 175 and 176: Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
Page 177 and 178: I The New York Test Cycle was devel
Page 179 and 180: Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
Page 181 and 182: B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
Page 183 and 184: Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
Page 187 and 188: I These tables illustrate the diffe
Page 189 and 190: Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
Page 191 and 192: I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
Page 193: Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Page 199 and 200: I There are more LPG vehicles in us
Page 201 and 202: Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
Page 203 and 204: This list includes public and priva
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
Page 207: The Partnership for a New Generatio
Page 210 and 211: . mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
Page 212 and 213: 1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
Page 214 and 215: 1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
Page 216 and 217: 10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
Page 218 and 219: . D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
Page 220 and 221: 11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
Page 222 and 223: 1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
Page 224 and 225: 11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
Page 226 and 227: oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
Page 228 and 229: 11-12 I As households owned more ve
Page 230 and 231: 11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
Page 232 and 233: 11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
Page 234 and 235: . D. Principal means of transportat
Page 236 and 237: . D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
Page 238 and 239: Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
Page 240 and 241: 124 In the early seventies, domesti
Page 242 and 243: Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
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General aviation - That portion of
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Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
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Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
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Petroleum inventories: The amounts
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Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
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Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
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Certification (continued) Cities Ci
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Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
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Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
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Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
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Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
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Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
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Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
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International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
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Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
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Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
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Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
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Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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