TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-20 1 A, and Table VM- 1 of the 1996-98 editions. Light trucks were defined as 2-axle, 4-tire trucks. Energy Use - Defined as 2-axle, 4-tire trucks. Total gallons of fuel was taken from DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-20 1 A, and Table VM- 1 of the 1996-98 annual editions. Based on data from the 1982 TIUS Public Use Tape, fuel use for 1970-87 was distributed among fuel types as follows: 95.3% gasoline; 3.5% diesel; and 1.2% lpg. .Fuel use for 1988-93 was distributed based on the 1987 TIUS: 96.6% gasoline; 3.3% diesel; and 0.1% lpg. Fuel use for 1994-96 was distributed based on the 1992 TIUS: 96.4% gasoline; 3.3% diesel; 0.3% Ipg. Fuel use for 1997-98 was based on the 1997 VIUS: 96.3% gasoline, 3.4% diesel, 0.2% lpg. Natural gas data are fl-om the DOE, EIA Natural Gas Annual 1998, Table 1; transit bus natural gas was subtracted from the total and the remainder was assumed to be light vehicle use. Light trucks were assumed to use 75% of light vehicle natural gas use. Transit: Vmt, Pmt, Energy Use - APTA, 2000 Transit Fact Book, Washington, DC, 2000, and annual. Non-diesel fossil fuel consumption was assumed to be used by motor buses. For the years 1988-94, motor bus gasoline use was estimated as 5% of “other” fuels, based on personal communication with the APTA Research and Statistics Department. In &city: Pmt - 1970-84 - American Bus Association, Annual Report, Washington, DC, annual. 1985-98 - Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation in America 1999, Seventeenth Edition, Lansdowne, VA, 2000, p. 47. Vmt - 1990-98 - Estimated using passenger travel and an average load factor of 23.2. Energy Use - 1970-84 - American Bus Association, Annual Report, Washington, DC, annual. 1985-98 - Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation in America 1999, Seventeenth Edition, Lansdowne, VA, p. 56, and annual. For conversion purposes, fuel for all intercity buses was assumed to be diesel fuel. School: Vmt - 1970-84 - DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics 1984, Washington, DC, Table VM-1, p. 175, and annual. 1985-87 - DOT, TSC, National Transportation Statistics, 1989, Figure 2, p. 7, and annual. 1988-98- National Safety Council, Accident Facts, 1999 Edition, Chicago, IL, and annual. Energy Use - 1970-84 - DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics 1984, Washington, DC, Table VM- 1, and annual. 1985-86 - DOT, TSC, National TransportationStatistics,Figure 2, p. 5, and annual. 1987-98 - Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation in America 1999, Seventeenth Edition, Lansdowne, VA, p. 56, and annual. For conversion purposes, fuel for school buses was assumed to be 90% diesel fuel and 10% gasoline based on estimates from the National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000
Nonhighway Air Rail Certificated Air Carriers: Pmt - DOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Traffic Statistics Monthly, December 1998199, Washington, DC, p. 2. Energy Use - 1970-81 - DOT, Civil Aeronautics Board, Fuel Cost and Consumption, Washington, DC, annual. 1982-98 - DOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Fuel Cost and Consumption Tables;” annual figures were obtained by summing monthly totals for domestic only. General Aviation: Pmt - Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation In America 1999, Seventeenth Edition, Washington, DC, 1999, p.47. Energy Use - 1970-74 - DOT, TSC, National Transportation Statistics, Cambridge, MA, 1981. 1975-85 - DOT, FAA, FAA Aviation Forecasts, Washington, DC, annual. 1985-98 - DOT, FAA, General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey: Calendar Year 1998, Table 5.1. Jet fuel was converted from gallons to Btu using 135,000 Btu/gallon (kerosene-type jet fuel). Passenger (Am tral): Pmt - 1971-83 - AAR, Statistics of Class IRailroads, Washington, DC, annual. 1984-88, 1995-96 - AAR, Railroad Facts, 1987 Edition, Washington, DC, December 1987, p. 78, and annual. 1989-94 - Personal communication with Amtrak. 1995-98 - AAR, Railroad Facts, 1999 Edition, Washington, DC, 1999, p. 77, and annual. Energy Use - Personal communication with Amtrak. (1995-98 were estimated using train-mile information.) Transit: Pmt and Energy Uke - APTA, 2000 Transit Fact Book, Washington, DC, 2000. Transit was defined as the sum of “heavy rail,” “light rail.” A-19
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
Page 216 and 217: 10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
Page 218 and 219: . D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
Page 220 and 221: 11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
Page 222 and 223: 1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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Page 228 and 229: 11-12 I As households owned more ve
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Page 234 and 235: . D. Principal means of transportat
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Page 238 and 239: Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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Page 242 and 243: Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
Page 244 and 245: Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
Page 246 and 247: 12-10 The number of trailers and co
Page 248 and 249: Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
Page 250 and 251: A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
Page 252 and 253: A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
Page 254 and 255: A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
Page 256 and 257: A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
Page 258 and 259: A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
Page 260 and 261: A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
Page 262 and 263: A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
Page 264 and 265: A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
Page 268 and 269: A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
Page 270 and 271: A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
Page 272 and 273: A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
Page 274 and 275: B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277: B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
Page 278 and 279: B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281: FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283: B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285: B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
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Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
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Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
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Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
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Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
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Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
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International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
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Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
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Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
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Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
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Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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