TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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I-42 United (continued) Vehicle Stock and New Sales in United States, 1998 Calendar Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Retail Automobile Sales in the United States, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 pounds GVW and Less in the United States, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growth of Freight Activity in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urban Urban Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . US06 US06 Driving Cycle ................................................... Vehicle . . 7-28 Fleet Vehicle Composition by Vehicle Type, 1991 ........................... . . 10-4 Average Annual and Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel for Fleet Vehicles, 1991 ...... . . 10-4 Average Miles per Federal Vehicle by Vehicle Type, 1997 .................... . . 10-5 Federal Fleet Vehicle Acquisitions by Fuel Type, FY 1997 .................... . . 10-7 Average Vehicle Occupancy by Trip Purpose, 1977,1983,1990, and 1995 NPTS . . . 11-10 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose, 1995 NPTS ................................ . 11-11 Average Annual Miles per Vehicle by Household Vehicle Ownership, 1995 NPTS . . 11-12 Average Age of Vehicles by Household Vehicle Ownership, 1995 NPTS ......... . 11-12 Average Annual Miles per Household Vehicle by Vehicle Age ................. . 11-13 Population and Vehicle Profile, 1950-98 ................................... . . 11-2 Household Vehicle Ownership, 1960-90 Census ............................ . . 11-4 Average Annual Vehicle-Miles, Vehicle Trips and Trip Length per Household .... . . l l - 6 Average Number of Vehicles and Vehicle Travel per Household, 1990 and 1995NPTS.......................................................... 11-8 Average Vehicle Occupancy by Vehicle Type, 1995 NPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-9 Alternative Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1992-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 11 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . 3-l 1 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . 3-12 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . 4-17 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes . . 6-6 . . 7-4 . . 7-5 . 8-12 . 7-26 of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . 4-19 California Vehicle Emission Reduction for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks . . . . . . . . . 4-41 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Employment Statistics, 1972-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000
Vehicle (continued) Employees of Motor Vehicle and Related Industries, 1990 and 1997 ........ Vehicle Stock and New Sales in United States, 1998 Calendar Year ........ Highway Vehicle Miles Traveled by Vehicle Type, 1970-98 .............. Automobiles in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 1998 ...... Trucks in Operation and Vehicle Travel by Age, 1970 and 1998 ........... . New Light Vehicle Dealerships and Sales, 1970-98 ..................... Vehicle Specifications for Tested Vehicles ............................ Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle Type and Nonoccupant Fatalities, 1975-98 ... Light Vehicle Occupant Safety Data, 1975-98 ......................... Crashes by Crash Severity, Crash Type, and Vehicle Type, 1998 .......... Percent Rollover Occurrence by Vehicle Type and Crash Severity ......... Light Vehicle Market Shares by Size Class, Sales Period 1976-99 .......... New Retail Truck Sales by Gross Vehicle Weight, 1970-98 ............... Truck Statistics by Gross Vehicle Weight Class, 1997 ................... U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium Goals for Electric Vehicle Batteries ..... Vehicles . . . . . 5-19 . . . . . . 6-6 . . . . . . 6-7 . . . . . . 6-8 . . . . . . 6-9 . . . . . 7-16 . . . . . 7-22 . . . . . 7-29 . . . . . 7-30 . . . . . 7-31 . . . . . 7-32 . . . . . . 7-8 . . . . . . 8-3 . . . . . . 8-5 . . . . . 9-10 Fleet Vehicles in Service as of January 1, 1999 ................................ 1 O-2 Top Ten States with Fleets of Ten Vehicles or More, 1999 ....................... 1 O-3 Average Length of Time Fleet Vehicles are Kept Before Sold to Others, 1991 ........ 10-4 Average Annual and Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel for Fleet Vehicles, 1991 ......... 10-4 Federal Government Vehicles by Agency, Fiscal Year 1997 ...................... IO-6 Energy Policy Act Purchase Requirements of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles ........ 10-8 Average Age of Vehicles by Household Vehicle Ownership, 1995 NPTS ........... 11-12 Average Number of Vehicles and Vehicle Travel per Household, 1990 and 1995NPTS .......................................................... 11-8 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-lo) from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .......... 4-10 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) from Highway Vehicles, 1990-98 .......... 4-12 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Vehicles ....................................................... 4-33 Emissions of Carbon Monoxide from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .................. 4-4 Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .................... 4-6 Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 ......... 4-8 Vehicle Specifications for Tested Vehicles .................................... 7-22 Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Tested Vehicles ............................... 7-25 PNGV Goals and Specifications of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles ...................... 9-l 1 Estimates of Alternative Fuel Vehicles in use, 1992-2000 ......................... 9-3 Estimates of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 1996, 1998, and 2000 ................. 9-4 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000 I-43
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320: Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321 and 322: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324: Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326: Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328: Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330: International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332: Material Matter Average Material Co
Page 333 and 334: Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
Page 335 and 336: Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
Page 337 and 338: Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
Page 339 and 340: Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342: Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
Page 343 and 344: s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346: Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347: Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 351: Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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