TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHAPTER2 ENERGY .......................................................... 2-l Table 2.1 World Production of Primary Energy by Selected Country Groups, 1989-98 ...... 2-2 Table 2.2 World Consumption of Primary Energy by Selected Country Groups, 1989-98 . . . 2-3 Table 2.3 U. S. Consumption of Total Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-99 ............... 2-4 Table 2.4 Distribution of Energy Consumption by Source, 1973, 1980, and 1999 ........... 2-5 Table 2.5 Domestic Consumption of Transportation Energy by Mode and FuelType, ...................................................... 2-6 Table 2.6 Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 1996-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Table 2.7 Transportation Energy Consumption by Mode, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Table 2.8 Highway Usage of Gasoline and Special Fuels, 1973-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Figure 2.1 Motor Gasoline Quantities by Type, 1981 and 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 2.9 Alternative Vehicle Fuel Consumption, 1992-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and Imports of MTBE and Fuel Ethanol, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . 2-12 Table 2.11 Passenger Travel and Energy Use in the United States, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 Table 2.12 Energy Intensities of Passenger Modes, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Figure 2.2 Energy Intensity,for Transit in the U.S., 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Table 2.13 Intercity Freight Movement and Energy Use in the United States, 1998 . . . . . 2-16 Table 2.14 Energy Intensities of Freight Modes, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17 CHAPTER 3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-l Table 3.1 International Man-Made Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Table 3.2 International Man-Made Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, 1990-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Table 3.3 International Man-Made Emissions of Carbon Dioxide by Source Category, 1990 and 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION~O-2000
Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table 3.8 Table 3.9 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Table 4.8 Table 4.9 Table 4.10 Table 4.11 Table 4.12 Table 4.13 Table 4.14 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Energy Consumption by End-UseSector,1984-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Transportation Sector,1980-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Numerical Estimates of Global Warming Potentials Compared With CarbonDioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3-11 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 CRITERIA POLLUTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Total National Emissions of the Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector, 1998 .......... 4-2 Total National Emissions of Carbon Monoxide, 1970-98 ..................... 4-3 Emissions of Carbon Monoxide from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .............. 44 Total National Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides, 1970-98 ....................... 4-5 Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 ............... 4-6 Total National Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, 1970-98 ............. 4-7 Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 ..... 4-8 Total National Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-lo), 1970-98 .............. 4-9 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-IO) from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 ..... 4-10 Total National Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) 1990-98 ............. 4-l 1 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) from Highway Vehicles, 1990-98 . . . . . . 4-12 National Lead Emission Estimates, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 State-level Emissions for Criteria Pollutants, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000 vii
Page 1: Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
Page 9 and 10: Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
Page 11 and 12: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 15: of them. FOREWORD This edition has
Page 19: ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
Page 23 and 24: Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
Page 27 and 28: I The UnitedStates has increased it
Page 29 and 30: I The share ofpetroleum imported to
Page 31 and 32: 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
Page 33 and 34: I When crude oil and other hydrocar
Page 35 and 36: TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
Page 37: Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
Page 40 and 41: 1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
Page 42 and 43: 2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
Page 44 and 45: 2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
Page 46 and 47: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 48 and 49: Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
Page 50 and 51: 2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
Page 52 and 53: Great care should be taken when com
Page 54 and 55: I Great care should be taken when c
Page 57 and 58:
Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
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A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
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A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
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B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
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B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
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FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
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B-10 One million million millionth
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B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
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Table B.14 Gross National Product (
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c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
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separating facilities. Crude oil pr
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General aviation - That portion of
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Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302:
Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
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Petroleum inventories: The amounts
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Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
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TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
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Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
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Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
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Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316:
Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318:
Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
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Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
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Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324:
Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326:
Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330:
International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342:
Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348:
Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350:
Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351:
Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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