TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: American Public Transit Association, 2000 Transit Fact Book, Washington, DC, 2000, pp. 112-l 14. Gasoline consumption was assumed to be used by motor buses. For the years 1988-92, motor bus gasoline use was estimated as 5% of “other” fuels, based on personal communication with the APTA Research and Statistics Department. Intercity buses: 1970-80 - American Bus Association, Annual Report, Washington, DC, annual. 1985-98 - Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation in America 1999, Seventeenth edition, Lansdowne, VA, p. 56. For conversion purposes, fuel for all intercity buses was assumed to be diesel fuel. School buses: 1970-80 - DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics 1984, Washington, DC, Table VM-1, and annual. 1985-86 - DOT, Research and Special Programs Administration,National Transportation Statistics, Figure 2, p. 5, and annual. 1987-98- Eno Transportation Foundation, Transportation in America 1999,Seventeenth edition, Lansdowne, VA, p. 56. For conversion purposes, fuel for school was assumed to be 90% diesel fuel and 10% gasoline based on estimates from the National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services.
APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About Heating Values The heat content of a fuel is the quantity of energy released by burning a unit amount of that fuel. However, this value is not absolute and can vary according to several factors. For example, empirical formulae for determining the heating value of liquid fuels depend on the fuels’ American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. The API gravity varies depending on the percent by weight of the chemical constituents and impurities in the fuel, both of which are affected by the combination of raw materials used to produce the fuel and by the type of manufacturing process. Temperature and climatic conditions are also factors. Because of these variations, the heating values in Table B. 1 may differ from values in other publications. The figures in this report are representative or average values, not absolute ones. The gross heating values used here agree with those used by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Heating values fall into two categories, gross and net. If the products of fuel combustion are cooled back to the initial fuel-air or fuel-oxidizer mixture temperature and the water formed during combustion is condensed, the energy released by the process is the higher (gross) heating value. If the products of combustion are cooled to the initial fuel-air temperature, but the water is considered to remain as a vapor, the energy released by the process is lower (net) heating value. Usually the difference between the gross and net heating values for fuels used in transportation is around 5 to 8 percent; however, it is important to be consistent in their use. TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION~O-2000 B-l
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
Page 222 and 223: 1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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Page 228 and 229: 11-12 I As households owned more ve
Page 230 and 231: 11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
Page 232 and 233: 11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
Page 234 and 235: . D. Principal means of transportat
Page 236 and 237: . D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
Page 238 and 239: Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
Page 240 and 241: 124 In the early seventies, domesti
Page 242 and 243: Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
Page 244 and 245: Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
Page 246 and 247: 12-10 The number of trailers and co
Page 248 and 249: Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
Page 250 and 251: A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
Page 252 and 253: A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
Page 254 and 255: A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
Page 256 and 257: A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
Page 258 and 259: A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
Page 260 and 261: A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
Page 262 and 263: A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
Page 264 and 265: A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
Page 266 and 267: A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
Page 268 and 269: A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
Page 270 and 271: A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
Page 274 and 275: B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277: B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
Page 278 and 279: B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281: FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283: B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285: B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320: Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321 and 322: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
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Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
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Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
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Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
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International Summary Statistics fo
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Material Matter Average Material Co
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Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
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Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
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Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
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Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
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Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
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s toc1< s toc1
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Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
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Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
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Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
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Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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