TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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I-30 Pollutant NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes Pollutants of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies . . . . . . . . . 4-17 State-level Emissions for Criteria Pollutants, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 14 Total National Emissions of the Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Pollution Pollution from a Typical New Car and Light Truck, 2000 Model Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 Population Population and Vehicle Profile, 1950-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-2 Potential World Fossil Fuel Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-2 Potentials Pounds Numerical Estimates of Global Warming Potentials Compared With Carbon Dioxide . . . 3-8 New Retail Sales of Trucks 10,000 pounds GVW and Less in the United States, Powered Price 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightVehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTrucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightT~cks......................................................... 4-35 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTmcks......................................................... 4-37 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered HeavyHeavyTrucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39 Average Price of a New Car, 1970-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 Average Price of a New Car by Sector, 1970-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 Consumer Price Indices, 1970-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5- 17 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000
Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline Prices for Selected Countries, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline Prices for Selected Countries, 1990 and 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diesel Fuel Prices for Selected Countries, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Diesel Fuel Prices for Selected Countries, 1990 and 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prices for a Barrel of Crude Oil and a Gallon of Gasoline, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail Prices for Motor Fuel, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prices for Selected Transportation Fuels, 1978-99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary World Production of Primary Energy by Selected Country Groups, 1989-98 . . . . . World Consumption of Primary Energy by Selected Country Groups, 1989-98 . . . Percentage of Trucks by Major Use and Primary Refueling Facility, 1997 . . . . . . . Percentage of Trucks by Fleet Size and Primary Refueling Facility, 1997 . . . . . . . . Products Profile U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 1987-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . Refinery Yield of Petroleum Products from a Barrel of Crude Oil, 1978-98 . . . . . . Transportation of Petroleum and Petroleum Products in the U.S. by Mode, 1975-98 . . . . l-6 . . . . 5-2 . . . . 5-3 . . . 5-4 . . . 5-5 . . . . 5-6 . . . 5-7 . . . . 5-8 . . . . 2-2 . . . . 2-3 . . . 8-10 . . . . 8-9 . . . l-10 . . . l-11 . . . 1-15 Population and Vehicle Profile, 1950-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-2 Purchase Energy Policy Act Purchase Requirements of Light Alternative Fuel Vehicles . . . . . . . 10-8 Purpose Average Vehicle Occupancy by Trip Purpose, 1977,1983, 1990, and 1995 NPTS . . , : 1 l-10 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose, 1995 NPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-l 1 Long-Distance Trips by Mode and Purpose, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18 Purposes Rail Average Annual Person-Miles Traveled (PMT), Person Trips and Trip Length per Household by Selected Trip Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l-7 Intermodal Rail Traffic, 1965-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-l 0 Summary Statistics for Rail Transit Operations, 1970-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12 Railroad Summary Statistics for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), 1971-98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11 Class I Railroad Freight Systems in the United States Ranked by Revenue Ton-Miles, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7 Railroad Revenue Carloads by Commodity Group, 1974 and 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 12-9 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20-2000 I-3 1
Page 1:
Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
Page 7 and 8:
Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
Page 9 and 10:
Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
Page 11 and 12:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 13 and 14:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
Page 15:
of them. FOREWORD This edition has
Page 19:
ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
Page 23 and 24:
Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
Page 25 and 26:
Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
Page 27 and 28:
I The UnitedStates has increased it
Page 29 and 30:
I The share ofpetroleum imported to
Page 31 and 32:
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
Page 33 and 34:
I When crude oil and other hydrocar
Page 35 and 36:
TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
Page 37:
Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
Page 40 and 41:
1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
Page 42 and 43:
2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
Page 44 and 45:
2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
Page 46 and 47:
The Federal Highway Administration
Page 48 and 49:
Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
Page 50 and 51:
2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
Page 52 and 53:
Great care should be taken when com
Page 54 and 55:
I Great care should be taken when c
Page 57 and 58:
Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
Page 63 and 64:
Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
Page 65 and 66:
The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 67 and 68:
Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
Page 69 and 70:
Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
Page 77 and 78:
I The transportation sector account
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
The transportation sector accounted
Page 87 and 88:
I Historically the transportation s
Page 89 and 90:
The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 109 and 110:
Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
Page 113 and 114:
Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
Page 115 and 116:
I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
Page 117 and 118:
Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
Page 125 and 126:
Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
Page 127 and 128:
As of January 2000, only five state
Page 129 and 130:
I In current dollars, import cars,
Page 131 and 132:
I The total cost of operating an au
Page 133 and 134:
Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
Page 137 and 138:
Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
Page 139 and 140:
Year China India Japan France 1950
Page 141 and 142:
1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
Page 143 and 144:
Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
Page 145 and 146:
Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
Page 147 and 148:
I Using current registration data a
Page 149 and 150:
I Using current registration data a
Page 151 and 152:
Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
Page 153 and 154:
The Federal Highway Administration
Page 155 and 156:
Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
Page 157 and 158:
Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
Page 159 and 160:
Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
Page 163 and 164:
0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
Page 167 and 168:
I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
Page 171 and 172:
Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
Page 193 and 194:
Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 195 and 196:
Some,freight activities, such as pi
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Page 199 and 200:
I There are more LPG vehicles in us
Page 201 and 202:
Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
Page 244 and 245:
Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
Page 248 and 249:
Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
Page 262 and 263:
A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
Page 264 and 265:
A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
Page 268 and 269:
A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
Page 270 and 271:
A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
Page 272 and 273:
A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
Page 274 and 275:
B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277:
B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
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B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281:
FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283:
B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285:
B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317 and 318: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 319 and 320: Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Tech
Page 321 and 322: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324: Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326: Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328: Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330: International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332: Material Matter Average Material Co
Page 333 and 334: Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
Page 335: Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
Page 339 and 340: Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342: Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
Page 343 and 344: s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346: Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348: Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350: Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351: Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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