TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 20 - Center for ...

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I-12 Driving Urban Driving Cycle ..................................................... 7-26 Highway Driving Cycle ................................................... 7-26 New York City Driving Cycle .............................................. 7-27 East Representative Number Five Driving Cycle ................................... 7-27 US06 Driving Cycle ...................................................... 7-28 Summary of 1996 Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from the MiddleEast .......................................................... l-8 Economic Economic Indicators, 1970-99 .............................................. 5- 17 Economies Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Import Automobiles, Selected Sales Periods 1976-99 .......................... 7-6 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Economy Import Light Trucks, Selected Sales Period 1976-99 .......................... 7-7 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates for Automobiles and Light Trucks, 1978-99 ............... 7-l 8 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Fines Collected, 1983-98 ............... 7-19 Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973,1984 and 1997 ................................. 7-23 Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973,1984 and 1997. ................................ 7-24 Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Tested Vehicles ............................... 7-25 Truck Fuel Economy by Fuel Type and Size Class, 1997 .......................... 8-6 Truck Fuel Economy by Size Class, 1977,1982,1987,1992, and 1997 .............. 8-6 Electric U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium Goals for Electric Vehicle Batteries ............. 9 10 PNGV Goals and Specifications of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles ...................... 9- 11 Emission NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-l 1 LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 3-12 National Lead Emission Estimates, 1970-98 ................................... 4- 13 NEAR-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-17 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDUION 20-2000
Emission (continued) LONG-TERM Technology: Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies ......... 4-19 Tier 2 Federal Emission Standards .......................................... 4-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightVehicles ....................................................... 4-33 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTrucks.. ....................................................... 4-34 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightT~cks ......................................................... 4-35 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTrucks ......................................................... 4-36 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightTrucks.. ....................................................... 4-37 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered LightHeavyTrucks ................................................... 4-38 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Heavy Heavy Trucks .................................................. 4-39 California Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Emission Certification Standards ........ 4-40 California Vehicle Emission Reduction for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks ......... 4-41 California Air Resources Board Requirements for Meeting Emission Standards ....... 4-42 Emissions International Man-Made Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-97 .................. 3-2 International Man-Made Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, 1990-97 .................... 3-3 International Man-Made Emissions of Carbon Dioxide by Source Category, 1990 and1997 ............................................................. 3-4 Estimated U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-98 ......................... 3-5 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1984-98 ............................................................. 3-6 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Transportation Sector, 1980-98 ............................................................. 3-7 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-lo) from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .......... 4-10 Total National Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5), 1990-98 ................. 4-11 Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) from Highway Vehicles, 1990-98 .......... 4-12 State-level Emissions for Criteria Pollutants, 1998 .............................. 4- 14 Total National Emissions of the Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector, 1998 .............. 4-2 Total National Emissions of Carbon Monoxide, 1970-98 .......................... 4-3 Emissions of Carbon Monoxide from Highway Vehicles, 1970-98 .................. 4-4 TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOIC EDITION 20-2000 I-13
Page 1:
Center for Transportation Analysis
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........
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Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table
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Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Table
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of them. FOREWORD This edition has
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ABSTRACT The Transportation Energy
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Source Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Chapter
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Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Productio
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I The UnitedStates has increased it
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I The share ofpetroleum imported to
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 IO 0 No
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I When crude oil and other hydrocar
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TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDATABOOK: EDITI
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Table 1.11 Transportation of Petrol
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1989 World total 134.66 136.35 135.
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2-4 I Total energy use in the U.S.
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2-6 I As duta about alternative jil
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Q) k s e b Y u IOO- 90 - 80 - 70 -
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2-12 Table 2.10 U.S. Production and
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Great care should be taken when com
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I Great care should be taken when c
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Source Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emi
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1990 (million metric tonnes) Austra
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Table 3.4 Estimated U.S. Emissions
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Fuel Motor gasoline LPG” Jet fuel
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 3.8 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfor
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Table 3.9 (continued) LONG-TERM Tec
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Page 73 and 74:
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Pollutant
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I The transportation sector account
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Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
The transportation sector accounted
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I Historically the transportation s
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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Table 4.14 NEAR-TERM Technology Cfo
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Table 4.15 LONG-TERM Technology Gfo
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Table 4.15 (continued) LONG-TERM Te
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Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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Table 4.20 Federal Exhaust Emission
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2 2 % 0” z Table 4.22 Federal Exh
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Gasoline Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen
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I Califknia’s Low-Emission Vehicl
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Source Figure 5.1 Table 5.4 Table 5
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Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Sel
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- I . I . I . I I Figure 5.2. Diese
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Year Current Diesel fuel a Constant
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Table 5.6 State Taxes on Motor Fuel
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As of January 2000, only five state
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I In current dollars, import cars,
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I The total cost of operating an au
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Year 1970 1980 1990 1997 1998 1970
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Employees of motor vehicle and rela
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Source Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.
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Year China India Japan France 1950
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1970 1971 1972 E 1973 2 1974 4 1975
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Table 6.5 Highway Vehicle Miles Tra
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Table 6.7 Trucks in Operation and V
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I Using current registration data a
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I Using current registration data a
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Source Chapter 7 Light Vehicles and
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Table 7.4 New Retail Sales of Truck
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Table 7.6 Period Sales, Market Shar
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Table 7.8 Sales-Weighted Engine Siz
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Sales period” 1976 1977 1978 1979
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0.8 F 0 0.6 u' 2 s = 0.4 0.2 Figure
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I The average auto lost over 300pou
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I The number of conventional refuel
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Table 7.17 Corporate Average Fuel E
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Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed ORNL
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I The two earlier studies by the Fe
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Speed (mph) 1988 1993 Chevrolet Sub
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I The New York Test Cycle was devel
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Table 7.23 Occupant Fatalities by V
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B0 P I In 1998, nearly 40% of all p
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Source Table 8.1 Table 8.1 Table 8.
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Table 8.2 New Retail Truck Sales by
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I These tables illustrate the diffe
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Trucks Trucks (%) Miles per truck T
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I Nearly 1 GO% of all truckfleets u
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Some,freight activities, such as pi
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Chapter 9 Alternative Fuel Vehicles
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I There are more LPG vehicles in us
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Table 9.3 Estimates of Heavy Altern
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This list includes public and priva
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Figure 9.1 Map of Clean Cities as o
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The Partnership for a New Generatio
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. mm . . . SigniJicant changes have
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1 o-4 ama . . . .I . I TheseJleet d
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1 O-G @Ea6Ll I VW . . I Department
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10-8 I The Energy Policy Act of 199
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. D. Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970
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11-4 I Household vehicle ownership
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1 l-6 e. . The 1995 NPTS data shoul
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11-8 El . . TRANSPORTATIONENERGYDAT
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oooz-02 NOI.I>Ia~ :>I008 VLVa A!X%N
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11-12 I As households owned more ve
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11-14 a. . I In 1995 the average jo
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11-16 I3 . . Table 11.14 National a
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. D. Principal means of transportat
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. D. 90- IO- O- Figure 11.5. Shares
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Table 12.1 Summary Statistics for U
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124 In the early seventies, domesti
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Fifty-six percent of all domestic m
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Table 12.7 Summary’Statistics for
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12-10 The number of trailers and co
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Table 12.11 Summary Statistics for
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A-2 AAMA APTA Amtrak Btu DOC DOE DO
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A-4 Trucks Off-Highway Nonhighwav A
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A-6 Rail Total: Sum of freight and
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A-8 Buses Trucks Sum of transit, in
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A-10 Pipeline Rail Recreational Boa
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A-12 Highway Automobiles Personal T
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A-14 Nonhighway Air Recreational Bo
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A-16 Pipeline Rail Natural Gas: Ton
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A-18 Light Trucks Buses Vmt - DOT,
Page 268 and 269: A-20 Highway Table 2.14 Energy Inte
Page 270 and 271: A-22 Trucks Stock - Vehicles in use
Page 272 and 273: A-24 Energy Use Transit buses: Amer
Page 274 and 275: B-2 Automotive gasoline Diesel moto
Page 276 and 277: B-4 Table B.3 Energy Unit Conversio
Page 278 and 279: B-6 Table B.7 Volume and Flow Rate
Page 280 and 281: FROM Pound Kilogram Pound 1 0.4536
Page 282 and 283: B-10 One million million millionth
Page 284 and 285: B-12 Conversion of Constant Dollar
Page 286 and 287: Table B.14 Gross National Product (
Page 288 and 289: c-2 Table C.l Census Divisions and
Page 291 and 292: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 293 and 294: Bunker - A storage tank. Bunkering
Page 295 and 296: separating facilities. Crude oil pr
Page 297 and 298: General aviation - That portion of
Page 299 and 300: Lease Condensate - A liquid recover
Page 301 and 302: Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include cru
Page 303 and 304: Petroleum inventories: The amounts
Page 305 and 306: Single unit truck - Includes two-ax
Page 307 and 308: TITLE INDEX TRANSPORTATION ENERGY D
Page 309 and 310: Alternative (continued) NEAR-TERM T
Page 311 and 312: Aviation Axle Barrel Summary Statis
Page 313 and 314: Certification (continued) Cities Ci
Page 315 and 316: Corporate Corporate Average Fuel Ec
Page 317: Dioxide International Man-Made Emis
Page 321 and 322: Engine Sales-Weighted Engine Size o
Page 323 and 324: Fleet Fleet Vehicles in Service as
Page 325 and 326: Fuels (continued) Gallon Gas Gases
Page 327 and 328: Heavy (continued) Federal Exhaust E
Page 329 and 330: International Summary Statistics fo
Page 331 and 332: Material Matter Average Material Co
Page 333 and 334: Nitrogen Total National Emissions o
Page 335 and 336: Percentage (continued) Periods Pers
Page 337 and 338: Prices CrudeOilPrices,1870-98 . . .
Page 339 and 340: Retail (continued) New Retail Sales
Page 341 and 342: Shares Shares of Long-Distance Pers
Page 343 and 344: s toc1< s toc1
Page 345 and 346: Time Tire Ton Average Length of Tim
Page 347 and 348: Trucks (continued) Unit Federal Exh
Page 349 and 350: Vehicle (continued) Employees of Mo
Page 351: Work World Journey-to-Work Statisti
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