Class-8 Heavy Truck Duty Cycle Project Final Report - Center for ...

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6.3.2.4 Summary of Fuel Efficiency Study for the NGSWBTs Improvements in fuel economy are observed to be in the range of about 9-10% for the specific comparisons made in the analyses. The results are summarized in Table 26. Table 26. Summary of Average Fuel Economy Benefits of NGSWBTs vs. Standard Dual Tires for the Cases Addressed in this Report Average Fuel Economy Dual Tires on the Tractor and From total distance traveled and total fuel consumed From 100-mile segments (all vehicle load levels) From 100-mile segments for light loads (24,000– 44,000 lbs) From 100-mile segments for medium loads (44,000–62,000 lbs) From 100-mile segments for heavy loads (62,000– 80,000 lbs) 6.4 REFERENCES Trailer 6.40 6.60 8.06 7.17 6.24 100 NGSWBTs on the Tractor and Trailer 7.03 7.22 8.79 7.93 6.88 Improvement with NGSWBTs 9.84% 9.29% 8.94% 10.6% 10.2% Bohman, Mats, 2006, “On Predicting Fuel Consumption and Productivity of Wheel Loaders,” Master’s Thesis, Department of Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Porsön, Luleå, Sweden. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1617/2006/009/LTU-EX-06009-SE.pdf (last accessed: June 24, 2008). Browand, F., C. Radovich, and M. Boivin, 2005, “Fuel Savings by Means of Flaps Attached to the Base of a Trailer: Field Test Results,” Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems, SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition, April 2005, Detroit, MI. http://www.transtexcomposite.com/SAE_2005_BnW_mod2.pdf (last accessed: June 24, 2008). On-Road Emissions Testing of 18 Tier 1 Passenger Cars and 17 Diesel Powered Public Transport Busses, 2002, Final Report, EPA, Reference# QT-MI-01-000659. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/ngm/r02030.pdf (last accessed: June 24, 2008). Devore, J., “Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences,” Second Edition, 1987.
7. LESSONS LEARNED The HTDC project spanned a period of over three years; covered many facets of research and engineering; and involved many researchers, engineers, technicians, and industry professions; thus the lessons learned were varied. They include both positive and negative lessons. Some lessons learned were immediately incorporated into the testing protocols being employed at the time and allowed for more productive and efficient research and data collection. Other lessons learned were of a nature that did not allowed for more immediate or short-term adaption; however they may be of possible benefit for future research. For the purposes of this discussion, lessons learned will be discussed in two sections: Positive and Negative. The negative lessons learned have been separated into corrected/incorporated and unable to correct/incorporate. 7.1 POSITIVE Many facets of the partnership development, testing, and data collection proved to be valuable to the overall program in ways that were not originally identified or fully appreciated. These are described in the following positive lessons learned. 7.1.1 Lessons Learned from the Pilot Test Because of the effort put forth by Dana and ORNL in the Pilot Test and by ORNL in the Build-Up Phase, the DAS system functioned quite well during the FOT. There was very little down-time related to equipment internal to the test vehicle (VBox, eDAQ). Lesson Learned: In-situ testing of final equipment configurations, along with n appropriate burn-in period for all systems to be employed in the test is an effective way to insure longevity and robustness of equipment during a real-world FOT. 7.1.2 Routine Data Collection Procedures Additional lessons learned in the pilot phase of this project were assimilated during the FOT resulting in a simplification of the task at hand, or an improvement in the quality of the results. Specifically, technical problems that were identified during the Pilot Test were corrected and incorporated in the software and procedures used in this phase. The data uploading and archiving procedures employed in this phase resulted in quick problem diagnosis and minimal data loss. Lesson Learned: Data should be downloaded frequently and basic statistics should be generated closely thereafter in order to determine that the sensors are working as expected. Lesson Learned: Data should be backed up often to prevent data losses from memory overflow. 7.1.3 Fleet Selection Schrader is a forward-looking, technology-savvy fleet. This facilitated good understanding and insightful communication between Schrader and ORNL regarding the HDTC goals and objectives as well as ORNL’s approach to conducting this research. This, in turn, allowed the integration of the data collection equipment within the test vehicles of the FOT to proceed efficiently. 101
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Class-8 Heavy Truck Duty Cycle Proj
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Vehicle Systems Program ORNL/TM-200
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2.7 LAUNCH OF THE FOT (OCTOBER 23,
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40 Connection and Support Structure
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Pilot T
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Oak Ridge Nati
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Sixty channels of data were collect
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xviii
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The data analyses performed in Phas
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Fig. 2. HHDDT Transient Mode In add
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vehicle; 3) a transit bus; 4) a nei
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payload and accessory load would al
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Data # Performance Measure Benefit
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Data # Performance Measure Benefit
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Fig. 10. NGK NOx/O2 Sensors Fig. 11
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1.3.4 De-instrumentation: Following
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Fig. 16. Pilot Test North-South Rou
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GPS information collected with the
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2.1 REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE MEASURE R
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2.3.2 Performance Measures Fig. 18.
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Signal Sensor 53 Road Grade Calcula
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2.3.6 Tractor and Trailer Details F
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determined that the particular CANo
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Cable runs to and from sensors were
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2.8 CONDUCTION OF FOT The FOT laste
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3. INTERNET DATA ACCESS TOOL The HT
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Fig. 30. Search Results The file se
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When the button “Extract Data”
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Data Fig. 33. Segment Merging In ad
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Fig. 36 shows the synthetic cycle g
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Fig. 39. A Synthetic Duty Cycle wit
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Page 72 and 73: vehicle was carrying a heavy load o
Page 74 and 75: Vehicle Speed [mph] Vehicle Speed [
Page 76 and 77: 5.2 REAL-WORLD DUTY CYCLES Informat
Page 78 and 79: Vehicle Speed [mph] 70 60 50 40 30
Page 80 and 81: Given the size and complexity of th
Page 82 and 83: data or out-of-range data. Therefor
Page 84 and 85: 6.1.1 Spatial Information Using the
Page 86 and 87: For those cases in which an instrum
Page 88 and 89: Fig. 56. DCGenT Prototype Search Cr
Page 90 and 91: at constant speed. Parameters m, b,
Page 92 and 93: weight. Notice that, as expected, m
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Page 98 and 99: q q ( − ) ( feb'− feb) 100 '
Page 100 and 101: Table 15. General Statistics: Total
Page 102 and 103: 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Idli
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 68. All Trips with Dual Tires
Page 106 and 107: The almost 700,000 miles logged dur
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Page 110 and 111: Speed [mph] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 112 and 113: vehicle is hauling light or heavy l
Page 114 and 115: Frequency 350 300 250 200 150 100 5
Page 116 and 117: A summary of the statistics describ
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Page 122 and 123: Lesson Learned: A technology progre
Page 124 and 125: Lesson Learned: Adding external sen
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Page 129 and 130: 8. SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSIO
Page 131 and 132: 9. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The Heavy Truc
Page 133: Appendix A PILOT TEST LETTER REPORT
Page 136 and 137: 1.0 BACKGROUND 2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Page 138 and 139: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish t
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Page 142 and 143: performance of their next generatio
Page 144 and 145: March and provided to the ORNL Prog
Page 146 and 147: Between January, 2005 and May, 2005
Page 148 and 149: Figure 4: NGK Sensor Figure 5: Omeg
Page 150 and 151: o Date and Time o Wind Speed o Wind
Page 152 and 153: Figures 28 through 31 show the ball
Page 154 and 155: Figure 22: Airweigh System Figure 2
Page 156 and 157: DVD. Figures 35 and 36 show some of
Page 158 and 159: 3.3.7.1 Pre-Analysis Efforts: As th
Page 160 and 161: Task 1: Identification of Fleet(s)
Page 162 and 163: Data # Performance Measure Performa
Page 164 and 165: Sensor or eDaq Performance Performa
Page 166 and 167: 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Measure
Page 168 and 169: Data # 62 63 64 65-67 68-69 70-71 7
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Data # Performance Measure 87 Headi
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Appendix A-B Final Pilot Test Plan
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• DAS/sensor suite/cabling operab
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lateral Velocit
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34 Rain Intensity 35 36 37 38 39 40
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59 60 61 62 63 64 65-67 68-69 70-71
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85 Longitude 86 Velocity 87 Heading
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3.2 Sensors The PMs listed in Table
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vehicles will be dedicated to the p
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DATE TEST ENGINEER: DRIVER: DEPARTI
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Jim Ridge, Dana Product Engineer, w
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Table 5.1 October Route and Schedul
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Table 5.2 December Route and Schedu
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Appendix A-C Field Test Signals 64
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9 Performance Measure Performance M
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Performance Measure 25 Rain Duratio
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Letter Report SUMMARY OF RELEVANT H
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Sensor or Performance Data Sensor o
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GAWR 44 lb AirWeigh 5800 Road Surfa
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Appendix B SCHRADER MEMORANDUM OF U
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MOU-UTB-2007001 Schrader Trucking C
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MOU-UTB-2007001 Schrader Trucking C
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Appendix C FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST P
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Collection, Analysis, and Archiving
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4.0 APPROACH Phases 2 and 3 of the
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Signal Sensor 60 Tractor-Trailer Ma
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Schrader Trucking will provide six
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Sensitive Information] [Partner Sen
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4.6 Sensor and DAS Integration to T
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5.5 Vehicle Deployment Methodology
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Start address: 2360 Cherahala Blvd
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Figure 6.2: Schrader Shop, Far Left
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Figure 6.7: eDAQ Lite with two Vehi
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6.5 Safety Information For Student
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Appendix D SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Collection, Analy
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9.1.2. Shutdown Procedure 9.1.3. SI
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Signal Sensor 26 Cruise Control Acc
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Figure 4.1: Air-Weigh System Compon
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4.5. EDAQ The eDAQ Lite is connecte
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the equipment inside from overheati
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5.4. Weather Station Connections Fi
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Figure 5.5.3: VBOX Cable Table 5.5.
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Figure 6.3: Weather Station Locatio
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6.6 Power Supply Use a second cable
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can also be changed from this windo
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on and the yellow light should begi
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Figure 7.1.3-1: Weather Station and
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Speed unit: m/s Sampling frequency:
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iii) Click on Browse to find and op
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c) Power Controller (Power) - no co
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1) Select the Transducer and Messag
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Figure 7.2.4-2: Adding Transducer C
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Figure 7.2.4-3: Editing DIO Vehicle
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A. Changing Units - Converting tran
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C. Coordinates - Assign correct sig
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switch) Table 7.2.5: Contents of Ti
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Trigger Delay Setup: Check Enable d
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Figure 7.2.5-6: Time Base Shifter S
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Units: Full Scale Estimate - Min: 0
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Figure 7.2.6-2: Burst History Data
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Press Ctrl+3 (or click Run in the T
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8.2. Procedures for Heavy Truck Dut
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d) Turn on the ignition. e) Turn on
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4) Change the IP address field to t
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5) Check to see that the computer c
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e) When all SIC files have been sav
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4) To verify the time setting, go t
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e) Alter the id, mask, value, etc.
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Longitudinal CAN 0x87FF 0x0304 Long
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ULSB 0x98EAFFFBC1FE00 MaxVehSpLm CA
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Figure 9.1.6-2: Performing a ColdSt
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Table 9.2.2-1: Descriptions and Uni
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Channel ID Sensor Format Integer? P
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Channel ID eDAQ Invalid Data Value
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Channel ID Resolution Accuracy Note
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9.3. Appendix C: Additional DAS Not
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e replicated and saved as five iden
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2) Type in “cmd” 3) Type “ipc
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Producing multiple setup files 1) G
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9.4. Appendix D: Checklists and For
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D-96
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9.5. Appendix E: References and Web
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E-3
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E-5
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E-7
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E-9
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E-11
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E-13
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E-15
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E-17
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E-19
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E-21
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E-23
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E-25
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E-27
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E-29
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E-31
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E-33
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E-35
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E-37
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E-39
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E-41
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