Class-8 Heavy Truck Duty Cycle Project Final Report - Center for ...

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Vehicle Speed [mph] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time [s] Fig. 53. Implemented Heavy Duty Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) (Run 5270-2) 5.4 DYNO TEST RESULTS The results of the dyno tests are presented in detail Appendix E. The raw and processed data collected during these tests (approximately 35 MB of comma-separated value files) was sent to ORNL and archived. The information included information such as CO Mass Rate; CO2 Mass Rate; HC Mass Rate; High CO Mass Rate; Hub1 and Hub2 Power, Speed, and Torque; NOx2 Mass Rate; NOx Mass Rate; Teom Flow; Teom MR, Low CO Mass Rate, among others. All this information, together with the information collected by the ORNL DAS will be further analyzed to compare, among other things, the fuel efficiencies obtained from the tests with that indicated by the truck databus. The information submitted by WVU to ORNL, together with the report, was forwarded to ANL. 58
6. FOT DATA ANALYSIS The primary objective of the project was to collect real-world performance and spatial data for longhaul operations of Class-8 trucks from a fleet engaged in normal freight operations, and to provide a means for managing and using the collected data to generate real-world-based, long-haul heavy truck duty cycle data and information. Six Class-8 tractors from the Schrader fleet were instrumented and 60 channels of data were collected for over a one-year period of time at a rate of 5 Hz (or 5 readings per second). The Schrader fleet, which is headquartered in Jefferson City, Tennessee, operates within a large area of the country extending from the east coast to the Mountain Time Zone, and from Canada to the U.S.-Mexican border, The collected data included information such as instantaneous fuel rate, engine speed, gear ratio, vehicle speed, and other information read from the vehicle’s databus; weather information (wind speed, precipitation, air temperature, etc.) gathered from an on-board weather station; spatial information (latitude, longitude, altitude) acquired from a GPS (Global Positioning System) device; and instantaneous tractor and trailer weight obtained from devices mounted on the six participating tractors and ten trailers. Three of the six instrumented tractors and five of the ten instrumented trailers were mounted with New Generation Single Wide-Based Tires (hereupon referred as Singles or NGSWBTs) and the other tractors and trailers were mounted with regular dual tires (hereupon referred as Duals or D). Over the duration of this phase of the project (just over a year) the six tractors traveled nearly 700,000 miles. This report presents the first results of a data analysis of the information collected in this project. The main focus of the data analysis is on the assessment of the effect that different types of tires have on the fuel efficiency of Class-8 trucks. Before the results are presented, the next section describes in some detail the data cleansing process and the organization of the extensive information collected in this project. Following that, there is a discussion of additional models (such as a vehicle weight model) that were developed to complement the information collected. Those models were developed using the data gathered in the project and were used to “fill-in-the-gaps” for those cases in which a particular channel of information was not collected for some reason. The results of the analysis are subsequently presented, starting with some general statistics and followed by statistical comparisons of the average fuel efficiencies observed from vehicles mounted with different combinations of dual and NGSWBTs. These statistical analyses are conducted for a general case and for a case in which the data is controlled for vehicle weight. The effect of vehicle speed on fuel efficiency is also investigated. A summary of the results and conclusions follow. 6.1 DATA CLEANSING AND ORGANIZATION The quality of any data analysis depends not only on the accuracy of the data itself, but also on its organization and accessibility. The latter are particularly important when the size of the information database is significantly large. The field tests conducted as part of this project (60 channels of data collected at 5Hz for six vehicles that traveled around the country for more than a year) generated a database with a size surpassing 295GB of uncompressed information. To put this in perspective, if 13.5 Megabytes of information were to be printed, double-sided on standard 8.5-by-11 inch paper, it would produce a report that was 0.6 inches thick (i.e., a normal-size report). The database of collected data in this project would be equivalent to 20,000 of such reports, and if stacked, they would tower to a height equivalent to a 110-story building, or two stacked Washington Monuments. 59
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Class-8 Heavy Truck Duty Cycle Proj
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Vehicle Systems Program ORNL/TM-200
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2.7 LAUNCH OF THE FOT (OCTOBER 23,
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40 Connection and Support Structure
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Pilot T
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Oak Ridge Nati
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Sixty channels of data were collect
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xviii
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The data analyses performed in Phas
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Fig. 2. HHDDT Transient Mode In add
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vehicle; 3) a transit bus; 4) a nei
Page 28 and 29: payload and accessory load would al
Page 30 and 31: Data # Performance Measure Benefit
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Page 34 and 35: Fig. 10. NGK NOx/O2 Sensors Fig. 11
Page 36 and 37: 1.3.4 De-instrumentation: Following
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 16. Pilot Test North-South Rou
Page 40 and 41: GPS information collected with the
Page 42 and 43: 2.1 REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE MEASURE R
Page 44 and 45: 2.3.2 Performance Measures Fig. 18.
Page 46 and 47: Signal Sensor 53 Road Grade Calcula
Page 48 and 49: 2.3.6 Tractor and Trailer Details F
Page 50 and 51: determined that the particular CANo
Page 52 and 53: Cable runs to and from sensors were
Page 54 and 55: 2.8 CONDUCTION OF FOT The FOT laste
Page 57 and 58: 3. INTERNET DATA ACCESS TOOL The HT
Page 59: Fig. 30. Search Results The file se
Page 62 and 63: When the button “Extract Data”
Page 64 and 65: Data Fig. 33. Segment Merging In ad
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Page 70 and 71: tractors) as well as the maximum to
Page 72 and 73: vehicle was carrying a heavy load o
Page 74 and 75: Vehicle Speed [mph] Vehicle Speed [
Page 76 and 77: 5.2 REAL-WORLD DUTY CYCLES Informat
Page 80 and 81: Given the size and complexity of th
Page 82 and 83: data or out-of-range data. Therefor
Page 84 and 85: 6.1.1 Spatial Information Using the
Page 86 and 87: For those cases in which an instrum
Page 88 and 89: Fig. 56. DCGenT Prototype Search Cr
Page 90 and 91: at constant speed. Parameters m, b,
Page 92 and 93: weight. Notice that, as expected, m
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Page 100 and 101: Table 15. General Statistics: Total
Page 102 and 103: 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Idli
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 68. All Trips with Dual Tires
Page 106 and 107: The almost 700,000 miles logged dur
Page 108 and 109: Frequency 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Page 110 and 111: Speed [mph] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 112 and 113: vehicle is hauling light or heavy l
Page 114 and 115: Frequency 350 300 250 200 150 100 5
Page 116 and 117: A summary of the statistics describ
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Page 120 and 121: 6.3.2.4 Summary of Fuel Efficiency
Page 122 and 123: Lesson Learned: A technology progre
Page 124 and 125: Lesson Learned: Adding external sen
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8. SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSIO
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9. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The Heavy Truc
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Appendix A PILOT TEST LETTER REPORT
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1.0 BACKGROUND 2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish t
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evaluate the data collection system
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performance of their next generatio
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March and provided to the ORNL Prog
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Between January, 2005 and May, 2005
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Figure 4: NGK Sensor Figure 5: Omeg
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o Date and Time o Wind Speed o Wind
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Figures 28 through 31 show the ball
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Figure 22: Airweigh System Figure 2
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DVD. Figures 35 and 36 show some of
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3.3.7.1 Pre-Analysis Efforts: As th
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Task 1: Identification of Fleet(s)
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Data # Performance Measure Performa
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Sensor or eDaq Performance Performa
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45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Measure
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Data # 62 63 64 65-67 68-69 70-71 7
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Data # Performance Measure 87 Headi
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Appendix A-B Final Pilot Test Plan
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• DAS/sensor suite/cabling operab
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lateral Velocit
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34 Rain Intensity 35 36 37 38 39 40
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59 60 61 62 63 64 65-67 68-69 70-71
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85 Longitude 86 Velocity 87 Heading
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3.2 Sensors The PMs listed in Table
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vehicles will be dedicated to the p
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DATE TEST ENGINEER: DRIVER: DEPARTI
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Jim Ridge, Dana Product Engineer, w
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Table 5.1 October Route and Schedul
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Table 5.2 December Route and Schedu
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Appendix A-C Field Test Signals 64
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9 Performance Measure Performance M
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Performance Measure 25 Rain Duratio
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Letter Report SUMMARY OF RELEVANT H
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Sensor or Performance Data Sensor o
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GAWR 44 lb AirWeigh 5800 Road Surfa
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Appendix B SCHRADER MEMORANDUM OF U
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MOU-UTB-2007001 Schrader Trucking C
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MOU-UTB-2007001 Schrader Trucking C
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Appendix C FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST P
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Collection, Analysis, and Archiving
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4.0 APPROACH Phases 2 and 3 of the
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Signal Sensor 60 Tractor-Trailer Ma
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Schrader Trucking will provide six
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Sensitive Information] [Partner Sen
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4.6 Sensor and DAS Integration to T
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5.5 Vehicle Deployment Methodology
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Start address: 2360 Cherahala Blvd
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Figure 6.2: Schrader Shop, Far Left
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Figure 6.7: eDAQ Lite with two Vehi
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6.5 Safety Information For Student
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Appendix D SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Collection, Analy
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9.1.2. Shutdown Procedure 9.1.3. SI
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Signal Sensor 26 Cruise Control Acc
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Figure 4.1: Air-Weigh System Compon
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4.5. EDAQ The eDAQ Lite is connecte
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the equipment inside from overheati
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5.4. Weather Station Connections Fi
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Figure 5.5.3: VBOX Cable Table 5.5.
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Figure 6.3: Weather Station Locatio
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6.6 Power Supply Use a second cable
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can also be changed from this windo
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on and the yellow light should begi
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Figure 7.1.3-1: Weather Station and
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Speed unit: m/s Sampling frequency:
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iii) Click on Browse to find and op
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c) Power Controller (Power) - no co
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1) Select the Transducer and Messag
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Figure 7.2.4-2: Adding Transducer C
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Figure 7.2.4-3: Editing DIO Vehicle
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A. Changing Units - Converting tran
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C. Coordinates - Assign correct sig
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switch) Table 7.2.5: Contents of Ti
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Trigger Delay Setup: Check Enable d
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Figure 7.2.5-6: Time Base Shifter S
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Units: Full Scale Estimate - Min: 0
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Figure 7.2.6-2: Burst History Data
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Press Ctrl+3 (or click Run in the T
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8.2. Procedures for Heavy Truck Dut
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d) Turn on the ignition. e) Turn on
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4) Change the IP address field to t
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5) Check to see that the computer c
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e) When all SIC files have been sav
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4) To verify the time setting, go t
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e) Alter the id, mask, value, etc.
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Longitudinal CAN 0x87FF 0x0304 Long
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ULSB 0x98EAFFFBC1FE00 MaxVehSpLm CA
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Figure 9.1.6-2: Performing a ColdSt
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Table 9.2.2-1: Descriptions and Uni
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Channel ID Sensor Format Integer? P
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Channel ID eDAQ Invalid Data Value
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Channel ID Resolution Accuracy Note
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9.3. Appendix C: Additional DAS Not
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e replicated and saved as five iden
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2) Type in “cmd” 3) Type “ipc
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Producing multiple setup files 1) G
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9.4. Appendix D: Checklists and For
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D-96
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9.5. Appendix E: References and Web
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E-3
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E-5
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