A generic framework for Arabic to English machine ... - Acsu Buffalo

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he is a doc<strong>to</strong>r. hw t.byb Ayah is spending her money. ֓āyh tnfq nqwdhā Ayah is spending her money. tnfq ֓āyh nqwdhā Henry lost his money. hnry fqd nqwdh Henry lost his money. fqd hnry nqwdh Adam punched Philip. lkm ֓ādm fylyb Zakiah killed Sarah. qtlt zkyh sārh Zakiah killed Sarah. zkyh qtlt sārh Mark slapped Louis. s. f֒mārk lwys Mark slapped Louis. mārk s. f֒lwys Sarah hates Zakiah. tkrh sārh zkyh Sarah hates Zakiah. Ayesha phoned Eman. sārh tkrh zkyh hātft ֒ā֓yˇsh ֓iymān Ayesha phoned Eman. ֒ā֓yˇsh hātft ֓iymān Ayah thanked Khalid. ˇskrt ֓āyh hāld ˘ Ayah thanked Khalid. ֓āyh ˇskrt hāld ˘ Sarah called Adam. nādt sārh ֓ādm Sarah called Adam. sārh nādt ֓ādm 152
Eman saw Sarah. r֓at ֓iymān sārh Eman saw Carl. ֓iymān r֓at kārl msk fylyb ālkrh Philip caught the ball. Philip caught the ball. fylyb msk ālkrh Philip caught the ball. msk ālkrh fylyb Carl bought pens. ֓iˇstrā kārl ֓aqlām Carl bought pens. kārl ֓iˇstrā ֓aqlām qād mārk ālt.ā֓yrh Mark drove the plane. Mark drove the bus. mārk qād ālh. āflh Mark drove the car. Adam is cleaning his <strong>to</strong>y. qād ālsyārh mārk Adam is cleaning his room. ֓ādm ynz . f l֒bth Adam is cleaning his car. ynz . f ֓ādm ˙grfth ynz . f ֓ādm syārth Mark will clean my kitchen. Sarah will clean my office. Sarah will clean the car. mārk synz . f mt.bh y ˘ stnz. f sārh mktby sārh stnz. f ālsyārh Eman will clean her room. Eman will clean her room. stnz . f ֓iymān ˙grfthā ֓iymān stnz . f ˙grfthā 153
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A generic framework for Arabic to E
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sentence and its linking algorithm
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Declaration I herby certify that th
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advices, but also academically and
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CONTENTS 2.3.1.2 Indefinite nouns .
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CONTENTS 4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet s
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CONTENTS 7.2.8 Limitation of UniAra
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.4 Difference betw
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List of Tables 2.1 Dual: merely add
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LIST OF TABLES 5.9 Test strategy: p
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1 Introduction The following paragr
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high-quality translation technology
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1.3. TECHNOLOGIES ditransitive). Th
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1.4. THESIS ORGANIZATION 2009b). Ch
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2.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARABIC
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2.2 Characteristics of Arabic words
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2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC WORD
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.3.4 Verbs 2.3. PART OF SPEECH INV
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2.3.4.2 Aspect 2.3. PART OF SPEECH
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.4.1.1 Verb and noun 2.4. SENTENCE
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Table 2.27: verb(V), subject(S) and
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3 Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)
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3.1. ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR LIN
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3.2. FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF LAYER
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3.3. NOUN PHRASE STRUCTURE appropri
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3.4. LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR VE
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.6. SUMMARY there will be more com
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4.1. ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLAT
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4.2.3 Lexical databases 4.2. COMPUT
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4.3.2 Direct translation 4.3. BASIC
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4.3. BASIC MACHINE TRANSLATION STRA
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would also be needed for an interli
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4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet scripts 4.
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Figure 4.5: NP rule (NP -> det n pp
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4.5. CHALLENGES OF ARABIC TO ENGLIS
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Figure 4.7: Direct MT system 4.6.2
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4.7 Summary Figure 4.9: Structure t
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5 Design of Arabic to English machi
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5.2. DESIGNING AN XML LEXICON ARCHI
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5.3. DESIGN OF TEST STRATEGY Table
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5.4. DESIGN OF EVALUATION CRITERIA
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6 UniArab: a proof-of-concept Arabi
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6.1. CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE UN
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6.2. UNIARAB: LEXICAL REPRESENTATIO
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6.3. UNIARAB: GENERATION which mean
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Figure 6.11: UniArab’s GUI 1 6.4.
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6.4.1 Lexicon interface Figure 6.13
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6.6 Summary 6.6. SUMMARY We present
Page 121 and 122: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS to which standa
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Page 125 and 126: Figure 7.4: Verb-subject agreement
Page 127 and 128: Table 7.5: Test : gender-ambiguous
Page 129 and 130: Table 7.7: Test : Verb ‘to be’
Page 131 and 132: Table 7.9: Test : Verb ‘to have
Page 133 and 134: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS Table 7.11: Tes
Page 135 and 136: 7.2.6 Pro-drop Arabic Table 7.13: T
Page 137 and 138: Table 7.15: Test : Intransitive 2 A
Page 139 and 140: 7.2.7.3 Ditransitive Table 7.17: Te
Page 141 and 142: Table 7.19: Test : Ditransitive wit
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS In a case where
Page 145 and 146: 7.3 System evaluation 7.3. SYSTEM E
Page 147 and 148: 7.3. SYSTEM EVALUATION search engin
Page 149 and 150: Now is not the end. It is not the b
Page 151 and 152: 8.1. THESIS SUMMARY and so we hope
Page 153 and 154: and proving the suitability of the
Page 155 and 156: References Abn-Aqeal, 2007. sharah
Page 157 and 158: REFERENCES Salem, Y., Hensman, A.,
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 139
Page 161 and 162: • Yasser Salem and Brian Nolan. 2
Page 163 and 164: Arabic Letter and Phonetic Value Le
Page 165 and 166: C List of translatable sentences I
Page 167 and 168: she is an engineer. Zaid loves Fati
Page 169 and 170: Jack is eating with the spoon.
Page 171: Ayah tore the page. ֓āyh
Page 175 and 176: Carl is brushing his hair. ym
Page 177 and 178: I want a book. ֓aryd ktāb
Page 179 and 180: Omar gave the book to Khalid.
Page 181 and 182: D Verbs in lexicon Verbs in Arabic
Page 183 and 184: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 185 and 186: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 187 and 188: Arabic ys. rs. r Example the wheel
Page 189 and 190: Arabic ֓adrs Example I am teach
Page 191 and 192: Package: Name of Class Class Summar
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