A generic framework for Arabic to English machine ... - Acsu Buffalo

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Arabic Example Logical Structure NON I am a tourist. be ′ (I,[tourist ′ ]) NON He is an engineer. be ′ (he,[engineer ′ ]) NON We are students. be ′ (we,[students ′ ]) ˇsrb Khalid drank the milk. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[drink ′ (x,y)])] > yˇsrb Khalid is drinking the milk. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[drink ′ (x,y)])] > syˇsrb Omar will drink the milk. < TNS : FUT[do ′ (x,[drink ′ (x,y)])] > ylbs Eric is wearing his clothes. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[wear ′ (x,y)])] > d. rb Louis hit Mark. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[hit ′ (x,y)])] > yh. b Qays loves Laila. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[love ′ (x,y)])] > th. b Fatima loves Zaid. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[love ′ (x,y)])] > qmt I have made a reservation. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[make ′ (x,y)])] > fqdt Eman lost her cat. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[lose ′ (x,y)])] > qtl The man killed Jack. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[kill ′ (x,y)])] > fth. Sulaiman opened the door. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[open ′ (x,y)])] > ֓ah ˘ d ¯ Zaid took the book. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[take ′ (x,y)])] > yrkb Fahmy rides the car. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[ride ′ (x,y)])] > stt.bh ˘ Raiqa will cook the dinner. < TNS : FUT[do ′ (x,[cook ′ (x,y)])] > 162
Arabic Example Logical Structure ֓aˇgāb Khalid answered the question. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[answer ′ (x,y)])] > yzwr Omar is visiting Ireland. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[visit ′ (x,y)])] > yl֒b Abbas is playing with the ball. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[play ′ (x,y)])] > syl֒b Yousuf will play with the ball. < TNS : FUT[do ′ (x,[play ′ (x,y)])] > ֓akl Mansour ate with the spoon. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[eat ′ (x,y)])] > y֓akl Mansour is eating his food. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[eat ′ (x,y)])] > sy֓akl Eric will eat with the spoon. < TNS : FUT[do ′ (x,[eat ′ (x,y)])] > nfh ˘ Suhaib bellowed the fire. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[bellow ′ (x,y)])] > dhst Eman runned over her cat. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[runnover ′ (x,y)])] > ksr Rashid broke the window. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[break ′ (x,y)])] > tˇgrh. Sarah hurts Yousuf. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (x,[hurt ′ (x,y)])] > mzq Almahdi tore the book. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[tear ′ (x,y)])] > mzqt Ayah tore the page. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[tear ′ (x,y)])] > fth. Almahdi opened the window. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[open ′ (x,y)])] > mˇst. James combed his hair. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[comb ′ (x,y)])] > nz . f Eric cleaned the plane. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x,[clean ′ (x,y)])] > 163
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A generic framework for Arabic to E
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sentence and its linking algorithm
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Declaration I herby certify that th
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advices, but also academically and
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CONTENTS 2.3.1.2 Indefinite nouns .
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CONTENTS 4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet s
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CONTENTS 7.2.8 Limitation of UniAra
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.4 Difference betw
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List of Tables 2.1 Dual: merely add
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LIST OF TABLES 5.9 Test strategy: p
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1 Introduction The following paragr
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high-quality translation technology
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1.3. TECHNOLOGIES ditransitive). Th
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1.4. THESIS ORGANIZATION 2009b). Ch
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2.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARABIC
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2.2 Characteristics of Arabic words
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2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC WORD
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.3.4 Verbs 2.3. PART OF SPEECH INV
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2.3.4.2 Aspect 2.3. PART OF SPEECH
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.4.1.1 Verb and noun 2.4. SENTENCE
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Table 2.27: verb(V), subject(S) and
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3 Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)
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3.1. ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR LIN
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3.2. FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF LAYER
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3.3. NOUN PHRASE STRUCTURE appropri
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3.4. LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR VE
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.6. SUMMARY there will be more com
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4.1. ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLAT
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4.2.3 Lexical databases 4.2. COMPUT
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4.3.2 Direct translation 4.3. BASIC
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4.3. BASIC MACHINE TRANSLATION STRA
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would also be needed for an interli
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4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet scripts 4.
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Figure 4.5: NP rule (NP -> det n pp
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4.5. CHALLENGES OF ARABIC TO ENGLIS
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Figure 4.7: Direct MT system 4.6.2
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4.7 Summary Figure 4.9: Structure t
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5 Design of Arabic to English machi
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5.2. DESIGNING AN XML LEXICON ARCHI
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5.3. DESIGN OF TEST STRATEGY Table
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5.4. DESIGN OF EVALUATION CRITERIA
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6 UniArab: a proof-of-concept Arabi
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6.1. CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE UN
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6.2. UNIARAB: LEXICAL REPRESENTATIO
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6.3. UNIARAB: GENERATION which mean
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Figure 6.11: UniArab’s GUI 1 6.4.
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6.4.1 Lexicon interface Figure 6.13
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6.6 Summary 6.6. SUMMARY We present
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7.2. SENTENCE TESTS to which standa
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Table 7.2: Test : Verb-subject; agr
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Figure 7.4: Verb-subject agreement
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Table 7.5: Test : gender-ambiguous
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Table 7.7: Test : Verb ‘to be’
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Page 139 and 140: 7.2.7.3 Ditransitive Table 7.17: Te
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Page 145 and 146: 7.3 System evaluation 7.3. SYSTEM E
Page 147 and 148: 7.3. SYSTEM EVALUATION search engin
Page 149 and 150: Now is not the end. It is not the b
Page 151 and 152: 8.1. THESIS SUMMARY and so we hope
Page 153 and 154: and proving the suitability of the
Page 155 and 156: References Abn-Aqeal, 2007. sharah
Page 157 and 158: REFERENCES Salem, Y., Hensman, A.,
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 139
Page 161 and 162: • Yasser Salem and Brian Nolan. 2
Page 163 and 164: Arabic Letter and Phonetic Value Le
Page 165 and 166: C List of translatable sentences I
Page 167 and 168: she is an engineer. Zaid loves Fati
Page 169 and 170: Jack is eating with the spoon.
Page 171 and 172: Ayah tore the page. ֓āyh
Page 173 and 174: Eman saw Sarah. r֓at ֓iymā
Page 175 and 176: Carl is brushing his hair. ym
Page 177 and 178: I want a book. ֓aryd ktāb
Page 179 and 180: Omar gave the book to Khalid.
Page 181: D Verbs in lexicon Verbs in Arabic
Page 185 and 186: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 187 and 188: Arabic ys. rs. r Example the wheel
Page 189 and 190: Arabic ֓adrs Example I am teach
Page 191 and 192: Package: Name of Class Class Summar
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