A generic framework for Arabic to English machine ... - Acsu Buffalo

2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE
A transitive verb is incomplete without a direct object. For example;
Incomplete: hāld yh. ml , Khalid holds.
˘
Complete:
hāld yh. ml tlāth ktb
˘ ¯ ¯
w h. āswbh ālˇsh ˘ s.y w zhwr , Khalid holds three books, his laptop and flowers.
(3) Ditransitive
A ditransitive verb takes two objects. This can be through an indirect object con-
struction, ֒s. ām ֓a֒t.ā ktāb l֒mr , Essam gave a book to Omar
Or double object construction, ֒s. ām ֓a֒t.ā ֒mr ktāb , Essam
gave Omar a book.
2.3.5 Demonstratives
The demonstrative pronouns in Arabic include reference for the near hd ¯ ā “this”, the
far d ¯ lk “that” and for the inbetween d ¯ āk, which has no equivelent in English.
2.3.6 Others
This class includes all other types of words not included in the previous categories. It
includes, for example, the prepositions, such as mn “from”, ֒lā “on”, fy “in”,
֓ilā “till”. It also includes conjunctions, such as w “and”; determiners such as
āl “the”; relative pronouns, such as āld¯ y “who (masculine)” and ālty “who
(feminine)” and particles, such as ln “Will not” (Khan 2007).
Table 2.22: Particle ‘Lan’
Arabic Arabic Meaning English Translation
lan yad ¯ haba will not ‘he’ go he will not go
The particle ln is used to negate future events. It is used within the imperfect tense
(Versteegh 2001). An example is shown in Table 2.22.
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