A generic framework for Arabic to English machine ... - Acsu Buffalo

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He is giving a book to Sarah. hw y֒t.y lsārh ktāb He gave a book to Sarah. hw ֓a֒t.ā ktāb lsārh He gave a book to Sarah. hw ֓a֒t.ā lsārh ktāb She is giving a book to Khalid. hy t֒t.y lh ˘ āld ktāb She is giving a book to Khalid. hy t֒t.y ktāb lh ˘ āld She is giving a book to Sarah. hy t֒t.y ktāb lsārh She is giving a book to Sarah. hy t֒t.y lsārh ktāb Eman is giving a book to Sarah. ֓iymān t֒t.y lsārh ktāb He gave a book to Khalid. hw ֓a֒t.ā lh ˘ āld ktāb She is giving Sarah a book. hy t֒t.y sārh ktāb Omar gave Khalid a book. ֒mr ֓a֒t.ā h ˘ āld ktāb Khalid drives. yswq hāld ˘ Khalid drives. hāld yswq ˘ Khalid drives a lot. h ˘ āld yswq kt ¯ yrā 160
D Verbs in lexicon Verbs in Arabic change depending on gender, number and tense of the subject, so there are multiple entries in the lexicon that translate to the same English output. The translit- eration makes it clear that these are different words in Arabic. Arabic Example Logical Structure ֓aryd I want a ring. < TNS : PRES[do ′ (I, [want ′ (I, y)])] > nsyt I forgot my wallet. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (I, [forget ′ (I, y)])] > ֓aklt I ate an apple. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (I, [eat ′ (I, y)])] > ˇsrbt I drank the milk. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (I, [drink ′ (I, y)])] > qr֓a Omar read the book. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x, [read ′ (x, y)])] > qr֓at Eman read the book. < TNS : PAST[do ′ (x, [read ′ (x, y)])] > 161
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A generic framework for Arabic to E
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sentence and its linking algorithm
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Declaration I herby certify that th
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advices, but also academically and
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CONTENTS 2.3.1.2 Indefinite nouns .
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CONTENTS 4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet s
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CONTENTS 7.2.8 Limitation of UniAra
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.4 Difference betw
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List of Tables 2.1 Dual: merely add
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LIST OF TABLES 5.9 Test strategy: p
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1 Introduction The following paragr
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high-quality translation technology
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1.3. TECHNOLOGIES ditransitive). Th
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1.4. THESIS ORGANIZATION 2009b). Ch
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2.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARABIC
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2.2 Characteristics of Arabic words
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2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC WORD
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.3.4 Verbs 2.3. PART OF SPEECH INV
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2.3.4.2 Aspect 2.3. PART OF SPEECH
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.4.1.1 Verb and noun 2.4. SENTENCE
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Table 2.27: verb(V), subject(S) and
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3 Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)
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3.1. ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR LIN
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3.2. FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF LAYER
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3.3. NOUN PHRASE STRUCTURE appropri
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3.4. LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR VE
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.6. SUMMARY there will be more com
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4.1. ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLAT
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4.2.3 Lexical databases 4.2. COMPUT
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4.3.2 Direct translation 4.3. BASIC
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4.3. BASIC MACHINE TRANSLATION STRA
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would also be needed for an interli
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4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet scripts 4.
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Figure 4.5: NP rule (NP -> det n pp
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4.5. CHALLENGES OF ARABIC TO ENGLIS
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Figure 4.7: Direct MT system 4.6.2
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4.7 Summary Figure 4.9: Structure t
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5 Design of Arabic to English machi
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5.2. DESIGNING AN XML LEXICON ARCHI
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5.3. DESIGN OF TEST STRATEGY Table
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5.4. DESIGN OF EVALUATION CRITERIA
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6 UniArab: a proof-of-concept Arabi
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6.1. CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE UN
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6.2. UNIARAB: LEXICAL REPRESENTATIO
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6.3. UNIARAB: GENERATION which mean
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Figure 6.11: UniArab’s GUI 1 6.4.
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6.4.1 Lexicon interface Figure 6.13
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6.6 Summary 6.6. SUMMARY We present
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7.2. SENTENCE TESTS to which standa
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Table 7.2: Test : Verb-subject; agr
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Figure 7.4: Verb-subject agreement
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Table 7.5: Test : gender-ambiguous
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Page 139 and 140: 7.2.7.3 Ditransitive Table 7.17: Te
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Page 143 and 144: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS In a case where
Page 145 and 146: 7.3 System evaluation 7.3. SYSTEM E
Page 147 and 148: 7.3. SYSTEM EVALUATION search engin
Page 149 and 150: Now is not the end. It is not the b
Page 151 and 152: 8.1. THESIS SUMMARY and so we hope
Page 153 and 154: and proving the suitability of the
Page 155 and 156: References Abn-Aqeal, 2007. sharah
Page 157 and 158: REFERENCES Salem, Y., Hensman, A.,
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 139
Page 161 and 162: • Yasser Salem and Brian Nolan. 2
Page 163 and 164: Arabic Letter and Phonetic Value Le
Page 165 and 166: C List of translatable sentences I
Page 167 and 168: she is an engineer. Zaid loves Fati
Page 169 and 170: Jack is eating with the spoon.
Page 171 and 172: Ayah tore the page. ֓āyh
Page 173 and 174: Eman saw Sarah. r֓at ֓iymā
Page 175 and 176: Carl is brushing his hair. ym
Page 177 and 178: I want a book. ֓aryd ktāb
Page 179: Omar gave the book to Khalid.
Page 183 and 184: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 185 and 186: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 187 and 188: Arabic ys. rs. r Example the wheel
Page 189 and 190: Arabic ֓adrs Example I am teach
Page 191 and 192: Package: Name of Class Class Summar
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