A generic framework for Arabic to English machine ... - Acsu Buffalo

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Roqih drew trees. rsmt rqyh ֓aˇsˇgār Roqih drew Omar. rqyh rsmt ֒mr Roqih drew Khalid. rsmt hāld rqyh ˘ Ayesha picked the flowers. ֒ā֓yˇsh qt.ft ālzhwr Ayesha picked the flowers. Ayesha picked the flowers. qt.ft ֒ā֓yˇsh ālzhwr qt.ft ālzhwr ֒ā֓yˇsh Omar is fixing the computer. ys. lh. ֒mr ālh. āswb Omar is fixing the computer. ֒mr ys. lh. ālh. āswb Omar is fixing the computer. ys. lh. ālh. āswb ֒mr Omar bought the <strong>to</strong>ys. Omar bought the fish. Eman ironed the clothes. ֓iˇstrā ֒mr āll֒b ֓iˇstrā ālsmk ֒mr kwt ֓iymān ālmlābs Eman ironed the clothes. ֓iymān kwt ālmlābs Eman ironed the clothes. kwt ālmlābs ֓iymān lwnt ֓āyh āls. wrh Ayah painted the picture. Ayah painted the picture. ֓āyh lwnt āls. wrh Ayah painted the picture. lwnt āls. wrh ֓āyh I want the book. ֓aryd ālktāb 156
I want a book. ֓aryd ktāb I want the food. ֓aryd ālt.֒ām I ate the dinner. ֓aklt āl֒ˇsā֓ I ate the food. ֓aklt ālt.֒ām I ate the fish. ֓aklt ālsmk ˇsrbt āllbn I drank the milk. Eman lost her cat. fqdt ֓iymān qt.thā dhst ֓iymān qt.thā Eman ran over her cat. Omar won the race. fāz ֒mr bālsbāq Omar is sleeping. ynām ֒mr The children are crying. āl֓at.fāl ybkwn the wheel squeaks. āldwlāb ys. rs. r Omar reads. ֒mr yqr֓a Omar reads a lot. ֒mr yqr֓a kt ¯ yrā He hit Khalid. hw d. rb h ˘ āld He played with the spoon. hw l֒b bālml֒qh He loves Laila. hw yh. b lylā He loves Laila. yh. b hw lylā He loves Laila. yh. b lylā hw 157
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A generic framework for Arabic to E
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sentence and its linking algorithm
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Declaration I herby certify that th
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advices, but also academically and
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CONTENTS 2.3.1.2 Indefinite nouns .
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CONTENTS 4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet s
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CONTENTS 7.2.8 Limitation of UniAra
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.4 Difference betw
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List of Tables 2.1 Dual: merely add
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LIST OF TABLES 5.9 Test strategy: p
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1 Introduction The following paragr
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high-quality translation technology
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1.3. TECHNOLOGIES ditransitive). Th
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1.4. THESIS ORGANIZATION 2009b). Ch
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2.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARABIC
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2.2 Characteristics of Arabic words
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2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC WORD
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.3.4 Verbs 2.3. PART OF SPEECH INV
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2.3.4.2 Aspect 2.3. PART OF SPEECH
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2.3. PART OF SPEECH INVENTORY OF TH
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2.4.1.1 Verb and noun 2.4. SENTENCE
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Table 2.27: verb(V), subject(S) and
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3 Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)
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3.1. ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR LIN
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3.2. FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF LAYER
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3.3. NOUN PHRASE STRUCTURE appropri
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3.4. LEXICAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR VE
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.5. WHY WE USE RRG AS THE LINGUIST
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3.6. SUMMARY there will be more com
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4.1. ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLAT
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4.2.3 Lexical databases 4.2. COMPUT
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4.3.2 Direct translation 4.3. BASIC
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4.3. BASIC MACHINE TRANSLATION STRA
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would also be needed for an interli
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4.4.1 Non-Roman alphabet scripts 4.
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Figure 4.5: NP rule (NP -> det n pp
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4.5. CHALLENGES OF ARABIC TO ENGLIS
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Figure 4.7: Direct MT system 4.6.2
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4.7 Summary Figure 4.9: Structure t
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5 Design of Arabic to English machi
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5.2. DESIGNING AN XML LEXICON ARCHI
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5.3. DESIGN OF TEST STRATEGY Table
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5.4. DESIGN OF EVALUATION CRITERIA
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6 UniArab: a proof-of-concept Arabi
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6.1. CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE UN
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6.2. UNIARAB: LEXICAL REPRESENTATIO
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6.3. UNIARAB: GENERATION which mean
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Figure 6.11: UniArab’s GUI 1 6.4.
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6.4.1 Lexicon interface Figure 6.13
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6.6 Summary 6.6. SUMMARY We present
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7.2. SENTENCE TESTS to which standa
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Table 7.2: Test : Verb-subject; agr
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Page 127 and 128: Table 7.5: Test : gender-ambiguous
Page 129 and 130: Table 7.7: Test : Verb ‘to be’
Page 131 and 132: Table 7.9: Test : Verb ‘to have
Page 133 and 134: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS Table 7.11: Tes
Page 135 and 136: 7.2.6 Pro-drop Arabic Table 7.13: T
Page 137 and 138: Table 7.15: Test : Intransitive 2 A
Page 139 and 140: 7.2.7.3 Ditransitive Table 7.17: Te
Page 141 and 142: Table 7.19: Test : Ditransitive wit
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. SENTENCE TESTS In a case where
Page 145 and 146: 7.3 System evaluation 7.3. SYSTEM E
Page 147 and 148: 7.3. SYSTEM EVALUATION search engin
Page 149 and 150: Now is not the end. It is not the b
Page 151 and 152: 8.1. THESIS SUMMARY and so we hope
Page 153 and 154: and proving the suitability of the
Page 155 and 156: References Abn-Aqeal, 2007. sharah
Page 157 and 158: REFERENCES Salem, Y., Hensman, A.,
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 139
Page 161 and 162: • Yasser Salem and Brian Nolan. 2
Page 163 and 164: Arabic Letter and Phonetic Value Le
Page 165 and 166: C List of translatable sentences I
Page 167 and 168: she is an engineer. Zaid loves Fati
Page 169 and 170: Jack is eating with the spoon.
Page 171 and 172: Ayah tore the page. ֓āyh
Page 173 and 174: Eman saw Sarah. r֓at ֓iymā
Page 175: Carl is brushing his hair. ym
Page 179 and 180: Omar gave the book to Khalid.
Page 181 and 182: D Verbs in lexicon Verbs in Arabic
Page 183 and 184: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 185 and 186: Arabic Example Logical Structure
Page 187 and 188: Arabic ys. rs. r Example the wheel
Page 189 and 190: Arabic ֓adrs Example I am teach
Page 191 and 192: Package: Name of Class Class Summar
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