Systematic Theology, by Louis Berkhof - New Leaven

since it will no more be needed. He will return His commission to God, that God may
be all in all. The purpose is accomplished; mankind is redeemed; and thereby the
original kingship of man is restored.
QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY: In whom was Christ typified as prophet in the Old
Testament? How were the true prophets distinguished from the false? How did
prophets and priests differ as teachers? What was characteristic of the priesthood after
the order of Melchizedek? Were the sacrifices of Cain and Abel piacular? On what
grounds do Jowett, Maurice, Young, and Bushnell deny the vicarious and typicoprophetical
character of the Mosaic sacrifices? What is the difference between
atonement, propitiation, reconciliation, and redemption? What accounts for the
widespread aversion to the objective character of the atonement? What arguments are
advanced to disprove the necessity of the atonement? Why is penal substitution
practically impossible among men? Does the universal offer of salvation necessarily
imply a universal atonement? What becomes of the doctrine of the atonement in
modern liberal theology? What two parakletoi have we according to Scripture, and how
does their work differ? What is the nature of the intercessory work of Christ? Are our
intercessory prayers like those of Christ? Is Christ ever called “King of the Jews”? Do
Premillenarians deny only the present spiritual kingship of Christ or also His Kingship
over the universe?
LITERATURE: Bavinck, Geref. Dogm. III, pp. 394-455, 538-550; Kuyper, Dict. Dogm., De
Christo, III, pp. 3-196; Vos, Geref. Dogm. III, pp. 93-197; Hodge, Syst. Theol. II, pp. 455-609;
Shedd, Dogm. Theol. II, pp. 353-489; Dabney, Syst. and Polemic Theol., pp. 483-553; Dorner,
Syst. of Chr. Doct. III, pp. 381-429; IV, pp. 1-154; Valentine, Chr. Theol. II, pp. 96-185; Pope,
Chr. Theol. II, pp. 196-316; Calvin, Institutes, Bk. II, chaps. XV-XVII: Watson, Institutes II,
pp. 265-496; Schmid, Doct. Theol. of the Ev. Luth. Church, pp. 344-382; Micklem, What Is
the Faith?, pp. 188-205; Brunner, The Mediator, pp. 399-590; Stevenson, The Offices of
Christ; Milligan, The Ascension and Heavenly Priesthood of our Lord; Meeter, The Heavenly
High-Priesthood of Christ; A. Cave, The Scriptural Doctrine of Sacrifice; Faber, The Origin of
Expiatory Sacrifice; Davison, The Origin and Intent of Primitive Sacrifice; Symington,
Atonement and Intercession; Stevens, The Christian Doctrine of Salvation; Franks, History of
the Doctrine of the Work of Christ (2 vols.); D. Smith, The Atonement in the Light of History
and the Modern Spirit; Mackintosh, Historic Theories of the Atonement; McLeod Campbell,
The Nature of the Atonement; Bushnell, Vicarious Sacrifice; Denney, The Christian Doctrine of
Reconciliation; Kuyper, Dat de Genade Particulier Is; Bouma, Geen Algemeene Verzoening; De
Jong, De Leer der Verzoening in de Amerikaansche Theologie; S. Cave, The Doctrine of the
Work of Christ; Smeaton, Our Lord’s Doctrine of the Atonement; ibid., The Apostles’ Doctrine
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