Systematic Theology, by Louis Berkhof - New Leaven

namely, the churches of Judea, Galilee, and Samaria. The passage in which it is so used
is Acts 9:31. Naturally, this does not yet mean that they together constituted an
organization such as we now call a denomination. It is not impossible that the church of
Jerusalem and the church of Antioch in Syria also comprised several groups that were
accustomed to meet in different places.
d. In a more general sense the word serves to denote the whole body, throughout
the world, of those who outwardly profess Christ and organize for purposes of worship,
under the guidance of appointed officers. This meaning of the word is somewhat in the
foreground in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, 10:32; 11:22; 12:28, but was, it would
seem, present also in the mind of Paul, when he wrote the letter to the Ephesians,
though in that letter the emphasis is on the Church as a spiritual organism, cf. especially
Eph. 4:11-16.
e. Finally, the word in its most comprehensive meaning signifies the whole body of
the faithful, whether in heaven or on earth, who have been or shall be spiritually united
to Christ as their Saviour. This use of the word is found primarily in the Epistles of Paul
to the Ephesians and the Colossians, most frequently in the former, Eph. 1:22; 3:10,21;
5:23-25, 27, 32; Col. 1:18,24.
We should bear in mind that the names “Church,” “Kerk” and “Kirche” are not
derived from the word ekklesia, but from the word kuriake, which means “belonging to
the Lord.” They stress the fact that the Church is the property of God. The name to
kuriakon or he kuriake first of all designated the place where the Church assembled. This
place was conceived of as belonging to the Lord, and was therefore called to kuriakon.
But the place itself was empty and did not really become manifest as to kuriakon until
the Church gathered for worship. Consequently, the word was transferred to the
Church itself, the spiritual building of God.
3. OTHER BIBLICAL DESIGNATIONS OF THE CHURCH. The New Testament contains
several figurative designations of the Church, each one of which stresses some
particular aspect of the Church. It is called:
a. The body of Christ. Some in our day seem to regard this appellation as a complete
definition of the New Testament Church, but it is not so intended. The name is applied
not only to the Church universal, as in Eph. 1:23; Col. 1:18, but also to a single
congregation, I Cor. 12:27. It stresses the unity of the Church, whether local or universal,
and particularly the fact that this unity is organic, and that the organism of the Church
stands in vital relationship to Jesus Christ as her glorious head.
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