Namibia PDNA 2009 - GFDRR

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to which losses in trophy fees are passed on to the communities. Overall it is estimated that around N$0.8m (i.e. 20 percent of a projected total of N$4m) could be lost to conservancies from reduced trophy fees, plus the lost meat income as estimated above. Overall estimated losses to conservancies are presented in Table 68. Table 68: Losses to community conservancies in Kavango and Caprivi Income type Loss Notes Trophy hunting fees 800,000 20% of N$4m Trophy hunting meat 800,000 50% of N$1.6m Conservancy campsites 65,000 Estimated above Joint venture lodge fees 37,400 8% of gross revenue loss (minus 15% VAT) of 2 Kasika lodges Total 1,702,400 About a third of the tourist facilities visited reported layingoff staff during the flooding period. The reported reduction in wages was N$271,000, and extrapolating for the affected businesses for which information was not available produces an overall estimate of around N$350,000 in lost wages. Other financial losses from tourism to affect local communities are unlikely to be significant. The handicraft trade was not reported to have been affected, and the demand for casual labour and materials such as timber and thatch would, if anything have probably increased due to the clean-up and repair needs. Some lodges also provide voluntary support to local communities, e.g. school construction and maintenance. It is possible that this support could be affected, but the affect will probably be limited and no estimate was made. Disaster Risk Management Issues Long-term planning at the national level is recommended for the successful development of tourism in Namibia. Vision 2030 as well as NDP 3 highlights tourism as a growth priority area. However, the industry should be supported by a clear tourism strategy based on the reality of demand and broad policy objectives which can considerably improve forecasts for tourism rates. With a high rate of unemployment and the inherent difficulties faced by agriculture in a semi-arid environment, communitybased tourism is an important tool in alleviating poverty and for providing alternative livelihoods, especially in Namibia’s communal areas. Therefore, it is paramount that communitybased tourism is financially viable and founded on business and market principles if it is to bring the desired long term benefits to local communities. Some tourism operations in Kavango and Caprivi did have flood insurance and expect to receive partial compensation for damage and losses, but the majority did not, and even those who had it, now face the likelihood that future coverage will be cancelled. At the same time, access to short-term credit to cope with interruptions in business was very limited because lodges are on communal land and therefore are not accepted by the banks as collateral. Establishing mechanisms of providing emergency credit facilities to disaster-affected businesses would be the main area in which Government could assist tourism operators to be more resilient to future events. New developments should also have access to better data on likely flood levels so that they can design structures appropriately (e.g. raising or relocating buildings). A number of operators said they had looked at flood levels over the past 20 or so years, but were not prepared for the level this year. For existing facilities, however, it will probably not be cost effective to substantially rebuild to higher flood resilience standards as the structural damage was only minor, and the business interruption was challenging but not typically disastrous. For most affected lodges in Kavango and Caprivi, the first impact of flooding is loss of access across the floodplains. In some cases this is an annual occurrence. Some owners want the Government to invest in raising the roads above the flood levels. Other lodge owners are concerned about the impact of roads on the natural environment of the floodplains. This is a complex issue that needs to be dealt with within the context of comprehensive floodplain management. An alternative approach is for lodges to prepare to bring visitors in by boat for a part of the year. A number of higher-end lodges already do this and were less affected by the flooding as a result. A couple of lodges near the Okavango and Zambezi Rivers were affected by localized bank erosion, but engineered solutions would be prohibitively expensive and negatively impact the environment. Planting vegetation on exposed banks has previously been effective for protecting against regular annual flood erosion and should be encouraged, although it is likely to be insufficient in the event of repeat floods of the magnitude of those in 2009. 87
Governance Issues Namibia is one of the few countries in the world where tourism has a Cabinet-level portfolio. In the past decade, some significant moves have been made to provide a political and legislative framework that is conducive to the growth of the industry. Better regulation of tourism development at the local level is probably needed, however, to ensure that developments are appropriate to the environmental sensitivities or vulnerabilities of their surroundings. For floodplain areas, this is best done with a framework of integrated floodplain management, which is discussed in more detail in the separate DRM section. Needs As the tourism sector gains in importance, it is also increasingly complementing the country’s traditional economic sectors like agriculture. However, despite the clear potential for tourism growth opportunities that can diversify and enrich the Namibian economy, there is an extremely low government investment. Experience has shown that demand for any tourism grows sharply if marketing and promotions are well-funded and effective. International awareness of Namibia and its tourism is relatively unpublicized especially compared with neighbouring countries like South Africa and Zambia. National marketing strategy based on up to date research is vital to raise the country’s profile so that it can compete in the international market. Domestic tourism promotion is also needed to highlight the importance to local Namibians of tourism’s economic and employment generation potential. According to Namibian Tourism Board (NTB) reports, about 60 percent of operators described their business as “en route/stop-over/going up or down the regions” type guests. Longer stays were attributed to hunting clients and business/conference guests. Luring travellers to stay over longer at more established “destinations” is indicated by the NTB as a challenge. Identification of opportunities for tourism product or facility development lacked much fresh or innovative thinking. However, the establishment of interesting tours (e.g. museum, fish factory) was mentioned. More entertainment and restaurants were needed, and certain facilities (e.g. upgrade rooms and better transport) were identified as opportunities. Lesser mentions of marketing and cultural tourism offerings were recorded as well and are key to bringing more tourists. As shown in the Table below, the needs for tourism sector are estimated to be N$25 million to cover promotion activities as well as building better drainage systems around the affected lodges and the national park. Table 69: Summary of needs for the Tourism Sector Recovery and Reconstruction (N$ million) Sectoral needs Increase in promotion activities (organization of educational tours, road shows, and participation in International tourist fairs) Better flood drainage systems around lodges and the Etosha National park Early Recovery Medium-/ Long-term Recovery Total 10 10 15 15 Total 25 88 Namibia POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT
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POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT FLOO
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Foreword In March of 2009, torrenti
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Table of Contents Foreword ii Ackno
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Table 51 Indication of losses incur
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List of Abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive Summary In March 2009, fl
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The recommendations for recovery an
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Strengthened Community Awareness Co
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1.1 The 2009 Floods Omusati Oshana
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In addition, the President called u
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prolonged dry spells and droughts),
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2.1 Methodology In the aftermath of
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Figure 10: Distribution of damage (
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The average value of damage in the
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3.1 Sector Impacts: Infrastructure
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Rail and Air Transport There was no
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3.2 3.2.1 Sector Impacts: Productiv
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Needs/Timeline Table 16: Summary of
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worst, some in Oshikoto, Kavango an
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Private sector reconstruction using
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not have to provide food to learner
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Needs The needs of the environment
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4.1 Macro-economic Impact This sect
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Impact on the balance of payment Th
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4.2 Impact on Income and livelihood
Page 51 and 52: HIV/AIDS The floods caused consider
Page 53 and 54: 5.1 Introduction The most likely sc
Page 55 and 56: Box: 2: Early Recovery: Guiding pri
Page 57 and 58: Housing, shelter and settlements Th
Page 59 and 60: 5.4 Recommendations on when to move
Page 61 and 62: 6.1 Recovery and Reconstruction Str
Page 63 and 64: Figure 36: Long-term reconstruction
Page 65 and 66: 6.5 The way forward The medium and
Page 67 and 68: 7.1 Situation during the Disaster T
Page 69 and 70: of 2-6oC by end of the century, a l
Page 71 and 72: could involve flags, megaphones or
Page 73 and 74: 7.3 On-going interventions While th
Page 75 and 76: Annex 1 Water Supply and Sanitation
Page 77 and 78: access. It was observed that if the
Page 79 and 80: water. Similarly, access roads from
Page 81 and 82: Table 44: Roads proposed for improv
Page 83 and 84: Annex 3 Energy Pre-disaster Situati
Page 85 and 86: Table 50: Losses incurred due to 20
Page 87 and 88: Annex 4 Agriculture, Livestock and
Page 89 and 90: System (NEWFIS), reported concerns
Page 91 and 92: and affect both urban and rural vul
Page 93 and 94: In 1998, the Government launched a
Page 95 and 96: Annex 5 Industry and Commerce Pre-d
Page 97 and 98: In Namibia, small businesses can be
Page 99 and 100: Needs In light of the vulnerability
Page 101: Table 66: Total damages and lost re
Page 105 and 106: constructed elevated roads increase
Page 107 and 108: epresents 31 percent. In comparison
Page 109 and 110: Table 73: Early and medium and long
Page 111 and 112: and reproductive health. This was f
Page 113 and 114: Provision of safe water was done by
Page 115 and 116: Intensive capacity-building activit
Page 117 and 118: The Table below indicates the numbe
Page 119 and 120: Table 80: Budget for 2008/2009 and
Page 121 and 122: The total damages and losses are su
Page 123 and 124: displacement and often impact girls
Page 125 and 126: Needs The education sector response
Page 127 and 128: The major long-term environmental c
Page 129 and 130: paltry in comparison to ongoing thr
Page 131 and 132: Table 90: Environment sector needs
Page 133 and 134: Annex 11 Food Security Pre-disaster
Page 135 and 136: mahangu and maize meal must be mutu
Page 137 and 138: Figure 42: Maize Meal Prices in Urb
Page 139 and 140: The total amount of food commoditie
Page 141 and 142: Food distributions • To strengthe
Page 143 and 144: Annex 12 GIS Mapping Background One
Page 145 and 146: spectrum (and roughly comparable to
Page 147 and 148: Useful web links and References For
Page 149 and 150: Activities Key Outputs Time Frame R
Page 151: Activities Key Outputs Time Frame R
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