Analytic Culture in the U.S. Intelligence Community (PDF) - CIA

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SURVEY METHODOLOGY group includes all those currently working in the Intelligence Community with more than two years of experience. The “retired” sub-group includes those who have spent more than fifteen years in the intelligence profession and have since gone on to either full retirement or other organizations outside of the Intelligence Community. Of the 345 intelligence professionals interviewed, 20 percent were novices, 65 percent were active, and 15 percent were retired. The active and retired sub-groups include senior managers. Interview Categories and Numbers Category N Intelligence Professionals 345 Novice (60) Active (233) Retired (52) Academics 73 Technology Researchers 53 Consumers 18 Total Interviewed489 In order to assure anonymity for the participants, I have created broader jobrelated functional categories and associated the number of individuals interviewed with the broader categories rather than linking them to specific organizations within the Intelligence Community. This is in contrast to aggregating the agencies according to each agency’s specific mission, process, or product. Although not an official member of the Intelligence Community, the Drug Enforcement Administration is included because of its intelligence function and resources. The table on the next page shows how I aggregated the agencies into National-Technical, Defense, and Law Enforcement-Homeland Security categories according to the professional functions of interview participants. 10 The use of two years as a divide between novice and active is derived from the total amount of experience it is possible to gain in that time. See the discussion of expertise in Chapter Five. 125
CHAPTER TEN Agency Aggregation According to Interviewee Job-type National-Technical Defense Law Enforcement- Homeland Security Central Intelligence Defense Intelligence Department of Agency Agency Homeland Security National Security Army Intelligence Federal Bureau of Agency Investigation National Air Force Intelligence Department of Energy Reconnaissance Office National Geospatial Navy Intelligence Department of Treasury Intelligence Agency Department of State Marine Corps Drug Enforcement (INR) Intelligence Administration The figure below shows the distribution of intelligence professionals interviewed for this study according to each broader functional category. Of the 345 intelligence professionals interviewed, 214 work within the National- Technical Intelligence category, 76 in the Defense Intelligence category, and 55 in the Law Enforcement—Homeland Security category. 126
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All statements of fact, opinion, or
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The Center for the Study of Intelli
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are literall
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CONTENTS Foreword by Gregory F. Tre
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Part IV: Notes on Methodology Chapt
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as “CNN plus secrets.” Johnston
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INTRODUCTION ment, very open and ho
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INTRODUCTION is so small and the se
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INTRODUCTION gence analysts would u
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INTRODUCTION I mention Mead not onl
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eth•nog•ra•phy\n [F ethnograp
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CHAPTER ONE Definition 1: Intellige
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CHAPTER ONE that consumers of intel
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CHAPTER ONE During the interviews f
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CHAPTER TWO improvement infrastruct
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CHAPTER TWO Secrecy vs. Efficacy se
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CHAPTER TWO You know, someday someb
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CHAPTER TWO Finding: Rewards and In
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CHAPTER TWO distinction, for langua
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CHAPTER TWO that analysis is not a
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CHAPTER TWO described by participan
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CHAPTER TWO instead of academic and
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CHAPTER TWO Asked to define their p
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CHAPTER TWO satisfaction and anxiet
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PART II Ethnography of Analysis 31
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CHAPTER THREE A Taxonomy of Intelli
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A TAXONOMY OF INTELLIGENCE ing inte
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A TAXONOMY OF INTELLIGENCE system t
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A TAXONOMY OF INTELLIGENCE cases an
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A TAXONOMY OF INTELLIGENCE Comparat
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A TAXONOMY OF INTELLIGENCE has on t
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CHAPTER FOUR Testing the Intelligen
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE Syst
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE an e
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE rela
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE ucts
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE the
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TESTING THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE shou
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CHAPTER FIVE Integrating Methodolog
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INTEGRATING METHODOLOGISTS ing ches
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INTEGRATING METHODOLOGISTS good as,
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INTEGRATING METHODOLOGISTS case sti
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INTEGRATING METHODOLOGISTS cal infr
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INTEGRATING METHODOLOGISTS Can Tech
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Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER SIX have different historie
Page 94 and 95: CHAPTER SIX As an observer, I misse
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER SIX In contrast, 25 percent
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER SIX numerous domain matter
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER SIX Quite the contrary, eac
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER SIX a practical matter, the
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER SEVEN Background The argume
Page 106 and 107: CHAPTER SEVEN age about 30 percent,
Page 108 and 109: CHAPTER SEVEN the procedure’s app
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER SEVEN includes the ability
Page 112 and 113: CHAPTER SEVEN advance beyond the co
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER EIGHT is the process of lea
Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER EIGHT often be hired on the
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER EIGHT Interestingly, resear
Page 120 and 121: CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusion and Recomm
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER EIGHT research fellowships,
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER NINE As the resources avail
Page 126 and 127: CHAPTER NINE For intelligence analy
Page 128 and 129: CHAPTER NINE analyses requires sign
Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER NINE Development and Valida
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER NINE agents or agencies of
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER TEN Survey Methodology This
Page 136 and 137: SURVEY METHODOLOGY content and, thu
Page 138 and 139: SURVEY METHODOLOGY might merely ser
Page 142 and 143: CHAPTER ELEVEN Q-Sort Methodology O
Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER TWELVE The “File-Drawer
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER TWELVE 0.15 and for interac
Page 148 and 149: APPENDIX Jonathan Lockwood and K. L
Page 150 and 151: APPENDIX Hede Helfrich, “Human Re
Page 152 and 153: BIBLIOGRAPHY Published Sources Akin
Page 154 and 155: BIBLIOGRAPHY Camerer, Colin, and Er
Page 156 and 157: BIBLIOGRAPHY Endsley, M.R. “Desig
Page 158 and 159: BIBLIOGRAPHY Godson, Roy, ed. Compa
Page 160 and 161: BIBLIOGRAPHY Jervis, Robert. Percep
Page 162 and 163: BIBLIOGRAPHY ———, and Barbara
Page 164 and 165: BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller, George, and Ph
Page 166 and 167: BIBLIOGRAPHY ———. “The Pros
Page 168 and 169: BIBLIOGRAPHY Thompson, J. R., R. Ho
Page 170 and 171: BIBLIOGRAPHY Web resources Buros In
Page 172 and 173: sealed, world of intelligence. Rob
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