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Figure 2. Г×Re[fCM] vs. frequency for polystyrene microparticles in DI water, as the existence of negative value, plot in log to log scale is not applied. 2.3 Particle Geometry and Conductivity According to Equation (3) to (6), the DEP force is a strong function of particle geometry, as well as particle conductivity. In order to identify the influence of these two parameter on the DEP force, the Г×Re[f CM ] value of cylindrical and spherical particles with similar volumes, for both similar and starkly different conductivities were calculated and compared as shown in Figure 3. DI water (relative permittivity of 78, conductivity of 0.2 mS/m) was selected to be the particle suspending medium. In Figure 3, it is assumed that cylindrical particles have the same dimensions as the tested MWCNTs (diameter of 50 nm, length of 2 μm) and the spherical particle have a diameter of 0.2 μm. The relative permittivity of both particles was assumed to be 2.5. Calculations were conducted for two different sets of conductivities: 1 S/m and 1000 S/m. Figure 3 shows that the DEP spectra of cylindrical particles with different conductivities follow similar trends. However, the DEP force magnitudes are proportional to conductivity. The crossover frequency is the same for both conductivities in the cylindrical structure. On the contrary, the spherical particles with conductivity of 1000 S/m experience stable positive DEP force for the whole range of investigated frequencies. This is because in equation (6), the CM factor converges to one for large particle conductivities. However, the DEP force, applied on spherical particles with conductivity of 1 S/m, decreases when frequency is higher than 10 MHz. As a conclusion, the conductivity of spherical particle plays a more important role in DEP separation, as it alters the crossover frequency. 3. Design and Simulation The DEP platform consists of 8 arrays of microelectrodes, each containing 20 interdigitated microgaps, as shown in Figure 4. The gap separation is 10 μm, and gaps are placed at a distance of 100 μm from each other. 100
Figure 3. The DEP spectrum of cylindrical and spherical particles with conductivities of 1000 S/m and 1 S/m. The calculation was based on comparable particle size and relative permittvities. Figure 4. Design of the DEP platform. (A): top overview of the DEP platform; (B): the arrays of micro electrode gap; and (C): the close view of a gap section. The 10 μm gap was chosen because it was less likely to be damaged when high potential AC voltages were applied. The purpose to separate each gap by 100 μm is to maximize the difference between strong field and weak field regions, in order to clearly distinguish between positive and negative DEP behaviours. It also provides enough space for polystyrene microparticles to have constant motions without colliding with the MWCNTs trapped in the gap. The distance between arrays was designed to be 260 μm to minimize the field interference between arrays. Similar designs have been extensively used in aligning and assembling of nanowires [37, 43, 44] for micro and nano electronics applications. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is applied to estimate the performance of the DEP system. The CFD method enables us to analyse the distributions of the electric potential as well as the electric field that are generated by the applied signals around electrodes. 101
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The 3 rd VACPS Research Workshop Pr
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Organizing Committee Victorian Asso
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Preface On the occasion of the publ
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Paper as a low-cost base material f
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Acknowledgements We gratefully ackn
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Career planning and Job Interview i
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The role of mitochondria in atrial
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Track-Before-Detect Procedures for
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Demonstration and Performance Analy
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