Fig 11 Viability <strong>of</strong> PIECs cultured on TPU, collagen/TPU <strong>and</strong> collagen nan<strong>of</strong>ibers. PIECs cultured on the coverslips acted as a negative control. Date are representative <strong>of</strong> three independent experiments <strong>and</strong> all date points are ploted as means±SD,*P
well as on a usual nan<strong>of</strong>ibrous scaffold, especially collagen/TPU blend ratio <strong>of</strong> 1:3 is the most appropriate for endothelial cell proliferation. Blended nan<strong>of</strong>ibers can improve bioactivity relative to pure polymer nan<strong>of</strong>ibers <strong>and</strong> possess the potential to refine the composition <strong>of</strong> nan<strong>of</strong>ibers readily by adjusting ingredients according to the cell type. All these dates strongly suggested the potential application <strong>of</strong> blended nan<strong>of</strong>ibers as vascular engineering scaffolds with good endothelialization. Acknowledgement This research was supported by the National High-Tech Research <strong>and</strong> Development Programme <strong>of</strong> China (2008AA03Z305), Open foundation <strong>of</strong> State Key Laboratory for Modification <strong>of</strong> Chemical Fibers <strong>and</strong> Polymer Materials, National Nature Science Foundation <strong>of</strong> China (30570503), Natural Science Foundation <strong>of</strong> Shanghai (07ZR14001) <strong>and</strong> the 111 project (B07024)" References: 1. Langer R, Vacanti JP. TISSUE ENGINEERING. Science 1993;260(5110):920-926. 2. Wein<strong>and</strong> C, Pomerantseva I, Neville CM, Gupta R, Weinberg E, Madisch I, et al. Hydrogel-beta- TCP scaffolds <strong>and</strong> stem cells for tissue engineering bone. Bone 2006;38(4):555-563. 3. Bannasch H, Fohn M, Unterberg T, Bach AD, Wey<strong>and</strong> B, Stark GB. Skin tissue engineering. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 2003;30(4):573-+. 4. Li CM, Vepari C, Jin HJ, Kim HJ, Kaplan DL. Electrospun silk-BMP-2 scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006;27(16):3115-3124. 5. Feng QL. Materials selection <strong>and</strong> scaffold construction for liver tissue engineering. Pricm 5: The Fifth Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials <strong>and</strong> Processing, Pts 1-5 2005;475-479:2391-2394. 6. Chen MK, Beierle EA. Animal models for intestinal tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004;25(9):1675-1681. 7. Neuenschw<strong>and</strong>er S, Hoerstrup SP. Heart valve tissue engineering. Transplant Immunology 2004;12(3-4):359-365. 8. Levenberg S, Rouwkema J, Macdonald M, Garfein ES, Kohane DS, Darl<strong>and</strong> DC, et al. Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nature Biotechnology 2005;23(7):879-884. 9. Bunaprasert T, Hadlock T, Marler J, Kobler J, Cowan D, Faquin W, et al. Tissue engineered muscle implantation for tongue reconstruction: A preliminary report. Laryngoscope 2003;113(10):1792-1797. 10. Zhang YZ, Venugopal J, Huang ZM, Lim CT, Ramakrishna S. Characterization <strong>of</strong> the surface biocompatibility <strong>of</strong> the electrospun PCL-collagen nan<strong>of</strong>ibers using fibroblasts. Biomacromolecules 2005;6(5):2583-2589. 11. Nair LS, Bhattacharyya S, Laurencin CT. Development <strong>of</strong> novel tissue engineering scaffolds via electrospinning. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2004;4(5):659-668. 12. Webster TJ, Waid MC, McKenzie JL, Price RL, Eji<strong>of</strong>or JU. Nano-biotechnology: carbon nan<strong>of</strong>ibres as improved neural <strong>and</strong> orthopaedic implants. Nanotechnology 2004;15(1):48-54. 13. Kim K, Yu M, Zong XH, Chiu J, Fang DF, Seo YS, et al. Control <strong>of</strong> degradation rate <strong>and</strong> hydrophilicity in electrospun non-woven poly(D,L-lactide) nan<strong>of</strong>iber scaffolds for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2003;24(27):4977-4985. 14. Yang F, Murugan R, Wang S, Ramakrishna S. Electrospinning <strong>of</strong> nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers <strong>and</strong> their potential in neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005;26(15):2603-2610. 15. Bol<strong>and</strong> ED, Wnek GE, Simpson DG, Pawlowski KJ, Bowlin GL. Tailoring tissue engineering scaffolds using electrostatic processing techniques: A study <strong>of</strong> poly(glycolic acid) electrospinning. Journal <strong>of</strong> Macromolecular Science-Pure <strong>and</strong> Applied Chemistry 2001;38(12):1231-1243. 16. Ayutsede J, G<strong>and</strong>hi M, Sukigara S, Ko F. Carbon nanotube reinforced Bombyx mori nan<strong>of</strong>iber composites by the electrospinning process. Mechanical Properties <strong>of</strong> Bioinspired <strong>and</strong> Biological Materials 2005;844:281-286. 127
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