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FOOTNOTES 1. Decimal Classification: Sociology, Sozialwissenschaft, Sociologie (Bruxelles: OIB, 1895). This is unpaged and bears no bibliographical information beyond the title. A fuller version was also published: Classification Decimale des sciences sociales et du droit: table methodique en francais et index alphabetique en francais, en anglais et en allemand — edition developpee (Publication No. 4; Bruxelles: OLB, 1895). 2. Classification Decimale: tables generates . . . (Publication No. 2; Bruxelles: OIB, (1895); Classification Decimale. Tables geographiques generates (Publication No. 3; Bruxelles: OiB, 1895). :3. Organisation Internationale de la bibliographie scientifique (Publication No. 5; Bruxelles: OIB, 1896). 4. For example: Classification Decimale des sciences medicates: table —• edition francaise (Publication No. 7; Bruxelles: OIB, 1896). 5. «Editions developpees». 6. Limousin's original undertaking was to apply the Decimal Classification to the notices in the Bulletin des sommaires and to print them on one side of a sheet only so that the notices could be cut up for inclusion in bibliographic repertories (IIB Bulletin, I (1895—6), 46). 7. A draft of the letter, marked «ne pas envoye», is folded in the pages of Otlet's Diary after the last entry for 1895. 8. «Chronologie des principaux faits relatifs au developpment de l'Institut International de Bibliographie», L'Organisation systematique de la documentation et le developpement de Vlnslitul International de Bibliographie (Publication No. 82; Bruxelles: IIB, 1907), p. 138. "9. Regies pour les developpements a apporter a la Classification Decimale. (Publication No. 34; Bruxelles: IIB, 1896). This is a short pamphlet of 113 pages and no further citation will be made to it in the following paragraph. 10. Concilium Bibliographicum, Systema decimale ad usum bibliographiae Zoologicae. Indices alphabetici. Conspectus methodicus. (IIB Publication No. 8; Turici (Zurich): Concilium Bibliographicum, 11897). 11. Concilium Bibliographicum, Conspectus numerorum systematis decimalis ad usum bibliographiae anatomicae confectus autoritate Instituti Bibliographici Internationalis Bruxellensis, ampliatis ab Dr. Hebert Haviland Field ... (IIB Publication No. 10; Jena (Geneva): Fischer, 1897). 12. Concilium Bibliographicum, Conspectus methodicus et alphabeticus numerorum systematis decimalis ad usum schedularii zootogici: auctoritate Instituti Bibliographici Internationalis Bruxellensis, ampliatus a Concilio Bibliographico (IIB Publication No. 18; Turici (Zurich): Concilium Bibliographicum, 1898). 13. Charles Richet, Conspectus Methodicus et alphabeticus numerorum «Systematis Decimalism ad usum bibliographiae physiologicae: confectus auctoritate Instituti Bibliographici Bruxellensis et Societatis Biologiae Parisensis, ampliatus ab CaroJo Richet... (IIB Publication No. 15; Turici (Zurich): Concilium Bibliographicum, 1897). 14. «L'iInstitut International de Bibliographie: premiers resultats», IIB Bulletin, I (1895—96), 49—51. 15. The Revue neo-scholastique published by the Institut Superieur de Philosophie and eventually edited by de Wulf had used the Decimal Classification for its Bibliographia Philosophica as soon as it was available. The extended tables for philosophy were not separately published until 1900 when a 2nd edition appeared: Institut Superieur de Philosophie, 106
Classification Bibliographique Decimate des sciences philosophiqu.es: tables methodiqu.es (2e edition; IIB Publication No. 42; Louvain: L'Institut, 1900). 16. Service Geologique de Belgique, La Classification Decimale de Melvil Dewey appliquee aux sciences geologiques pour I'elaboration de la Bibliographia Geologica (IIB Publication No. 28; Bruxelles: Hayez, 1898); and, Service Geologique de iBelgique, La Classification de Melvil Dewey completee par la partie 549—599 de la Bibliographia Universalis et appropriee pour I'elaboration de la Bibliographia Geologica: Introduction, table methodique et index alphabetique (2 e edition; IIB Publication No. 29; Bruxelles: Hayez, 1899). 37. Classification decimale des sciences astronomiques: introduction et index alphabetique (Publication No. 11; Bruxelles: OIB, 1897). 18. Louis Weissenbruch, La Classification Bibliographique Decimale et son application a la science des chemins de fer. (IIB Publication No. 17; Bruxelles: P. Weissenbruch, 1897). This pamphlet was also published in English with the same IIB Publication number. 19. Classification decimale des sciences photographiques: tables developpees (Publication No. 16: Bruxelles: OIB, 1897). 20. Classification Decimale: Tables generates abregees (Publication No. 9; Bruxelles: OIB, 1897), These tables were also published in IIB Bulletin, II (1897, 1—73. 21. Vittorio Benedetti, Classificazione decimale. Tavole generali di Melvil Dewey, ridotte e adoptate dall' Istituto Internazionale di Bibliografia (IIB Publication No. 12; Firenze (Florence): G. Barbara, 1897). 22. Manuel Castillo, La Classificacion bibliografica decimal. Exposicidn del sistema y traduccion directa de las Tablas generates del mismo... (IIB Publication No. 13; Salamanca: Jmprenta de Calatrava, 1897). 23. Carl Junker, Die Dezimalklassifikation. Gekiitze allgemeine Tafeln: Deutsche Ausgabe (IIB Publication No. 14; Wein (Vienna): Holder, 1897). 24. Organisation internationale de la bibliographie scientifique, op cit. This work, like the Rules, was unsigned, but was presumably written by Otlet. He acknowledged the «Rules» in his «Sur la structure des nombres classificateurs». 25. Otlet to Melvil Dewey, ?? 1895, Dossier No. 259, «Dewey» Mundaneum. 26. Ibid. 27. Paul Otlet, «Le programme de l'lnstitut International de Bibliographie: objections et explications*, IIB Bulletin, I (1895—96), 85—93. This will be called «Objections and Explications* in the following paragraphs. A slightly fuller and more systematic presentation of these ideas appeared in the pamphlet Organisation internationale de la bibliographie scientifique. Here the form and geographical subdivisions were described, together with number—compounding using the colon. Some discussion was also presented about filing problems which would arise when numbers were complicated by the various punctuation signs. 28. Marcel Baudouin, «La Classification Decimale et les sciences medicales», IIB Bulletin, I (1895—96), 161—181. 29. Victor Carus, «La Zoologie et la Classification Decimale», IIB Bulletin, ] (1895—96), 189—193. The quotation is from page 189. Carus was commenting on various proposals submitted to him by the Office and explained by Otlet in «Sur la structure des nombres classificateurs» (see below). Carus, 1823—1903, was an eminent German Zoologist. His history of Zoology is still a standard work. He edited the Zoologischer 107
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. HO YD THE UNIVERSE OF INFORMATION
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THE UNIVERSE OF INFORMATION THE WOR
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PREFACE Paul Otlet was a pioneer bo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE , 3 LIST
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Paul Otlet as
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in a diary he kept systematically f
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when quite young to forming a natur
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than ever to study alone, to resist
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thought began to polarise, and that
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my room); and Science (plan of stud
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merit of all institutions, of all t
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scribbling completed when he was wi
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his fellow stagiaires and later Bel
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iology, and everything that came be
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no philosopher, but an earnest man
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synthesis of knowledge, to bibliogr
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could be partitioned from a purely
Page 38 and 39:
epertory by author's names. The Off
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14. Edmond Picard and Ferdinand Lar
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of years, was also sold, though Edo
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fortune. How could he leave him to
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Dewey did not reply immediately, an
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embracing all subjects whether exis
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The conference pressed with almost
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6. The conference resolves that pub
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liographies for law and sociology w
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instituted to ensure the steady, re
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9. Georges Lorphevre to John Metcal
Page 60 and 61: 31. Moniteur beige, 17 September 11
Page 62 and 63: Chapter IV INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS
Page 64 and 65: aphy, to be truly useful, specialis
Page 66 and 67: more than the titles of the million
Page 68 and 69: International Congress of Physiolog
Page 70 and 71: all subjects should be inventoried.
Page 72 and 73: ment could be done piecemeal by exp
Page 74 and 75: in the Bolletino delle Pubblicazion
Page 76 and 77: necessary explanation of the OIB's
Page 78 and 79: -with it, prepared developments of
Page 80 and 81: the Conference was making a ruling
Page 82 and 83: Prize for its exhibition. This was
Page 84 and 85: who does not know our work with the
Page 86 and 87: Tipografico G. Civelli, 1899). This
Page 88 and 89: 92. L'Institut International de Bib
Page 90 and 91: to the systematics of knowledge. Ot
Page 92 and 93: ture» 24 was pregnant with all sor
Page 94 and 95: tiers taken from different parts of
Page 96 and 97: for the second International Confer
Page 98 and 99: kinds had to be constructed by each
Page 100 and 101: The publication of this Manual toge
Page 102 and 103: Otlet's hopes of America and Dewey
Page 104 and 105: could therefore maintain its spirit
Page 106 and 107: the decimal numbers. You write 355.
Page 108 and 109: the present eighth edition (sic) sh
Page 112 and 113: Anzeiger from 1878 to 1895 and cont
Page 114 and 115: Publication No. 58; Turici: Sumptib
Page 116 and 117: Chapter THE UNIVERSAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC
Page 118 and 119: liographic information in notices i
Page 120 and 121: to a complaint from Herbert Putnam
Page 122 and 123: nam), carried on their covers their
Page 124 and 125: government documents, Andrews was t
Page 126 and 127: •cards relating to a request was
Page 128 and 129: that the town's library need only b
Page 130 and 131: to be typed. A member of the Office
Page 132 and 133: all that was needed at the OIB at a
Page 134 and 135: Memoires Physiographiques de Pologn
Page 136 and 137: 50. Geddes to La Fontaine, 12 Octob
Page 138 and 139: Office International de Bibliograph
Page 140 and 141: under contract from the Belgian gov
Page 142 and 143: Moniteur beige as a form of simple
Page 144 and 145: Arctowski's plea and the implicit c
Page 146 and 147: minations between the publisher, Fo
Page 148 and 149: President, and President in 1908, a
Page 150 and 151: ment nor to encourage her to find a
Page 152 and 153: national service whose object would
Page 154 and 155: supply the government architect wit
Page 156 and 157: ned. This sum was to be spent over
Page 158 and 159: in 1912, and at that time the vario
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work should be analagous to that un
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of the Association for the Museum b
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1908 and got down to work. The docu
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expect them to become more widely e
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The union would involve bibliograph
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5. Catalogue Central des Bibliotheq
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40. Letters for the period, passim,
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77. Georges Lecointe, 1869—1929,
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Chapter VIII THE UNION OF INTERNATI
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had met to negotiate actual peace t
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evelation* to them. They were aston
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Congress. The report presented conc
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involved therefore, however indirec
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its Congresses, the Institute for I
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Two committees were constituted to
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1. Code of rules for administrative
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standard international cataloging c
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and UIA. Always La Fontaine was at
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Although this is a fair summary, it
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It must be a museum of the best typ
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ospect, Sayers thought «quixotic e
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What was being brought to birth was
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33. The full catalogue for the Muse
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66. Congres Mondial des Association
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called the League of Nations (in Fr
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Because of his indefatigable work f
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of making the neutrals understand..
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should be added to the proposed cov
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sations created by diplomatic treat
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Leon Delacroix, they wrote, «our d
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American edition of the classificat
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'•8. A note indicates that among
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43. Nitobe to Otlet and La Fontaine
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on international sections placed un
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hoped to get the League to acknowle
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Otlet wrote to Nitobe and others th
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work of international organisation
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The Palais Mondial The Internationa
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The Palais Mondial The Aeronautic R
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The Assembly appointed a number of
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In de Leon's view there were two po
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of the privileged. And the League o
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printed that year, the Abridged Tab
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of it which had pleased him, but th
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sitions, to which all accretion in
Page 250 and 251:
sort out some of the financial conf
Page 252 and 253:
during this period he also acted as
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Chapter XI L'AFFAIRE DU PALAIS MOND
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sufficient pressure to bear to forc
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finished, «both for the reputation
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"first meeting in August 1922. In i
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the Union sees itself as discarded
Page 264 and 265:
One of them was the future role of
Page 266 and 267:
gested as, a good venue for such an
Page 268 and 269:
The major problem facing the Palais
Page 270 and 271:
not been able to express clearly en
Page 272 and 273:
In early November, however, the Gov
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day, «by gardeners in clogs of del
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ange oi topics covered and decision
Page 278 and 279:
Chapter XII GRADUAL DISINTEGRATION
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The Institute pursues its work acco
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the IIB be drawn up which would set
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for this conference. The first, a T
Page 286 and 287:
The ultimate material expression of
Page 288 and 289:
THE CONFERENCES OF 1924 AND AFTERWA
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keep before the President and the C
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French historian and one time Inspe
Page 294 and 295:
was briefly rescued by support from
Page 296 and 297:
far beyond their resources. He had
Page 298 and 299:
He was disappointed that the Instit
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simply and completely so that they
Page 302 and 303:
with a limited and realistic progra
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Series 2, No. 45; The Hague, Nether
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65. Note signed de Vos to M. le Dir
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C h a p t e r X I I I CHANGE, NEW D
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merit, contrary to the interests of
Page 312 and 313:
national bibliography. He made it c
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the Decimal Classification they mus
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in the year been taken up independe
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the beginning of something new and
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v bad work w wh I know CD t be perm
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tions made. They were sent to Bruss
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making promises that are not kept a
Page 326 and 327:
Moreover, German translation of a n
Page 328 and 329:
had envisaged for encouraging work
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apparent triumph of the Dutch secti
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that the supplements issued to the
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conferences, for example, and he po
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their informal participation, Otlet
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in a single place was splendid in 1
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clearly and exactly.» Alingh Prins
Page 342 and 343:
THE CRISIS RESOLVED For the purpose
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gram oi international institutions,
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44. Comar&tni, p. 329. 45. F. Donke
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89. Paul Otlet, «Sur la situation
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development through things (Nature,
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ternational Committee for Intellect
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sions as many as six, but rarely mo
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lections, but the programs of lectu
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City. A brief examination of Belgiu
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In 1938 he wrote: 1. all my papers,
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not the International Institute [fo
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As he reflected further, he knew th
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••6. «La Jeunesse et Le Palais
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS OF PAU
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Goldschmidt, Robert and Otlet, Paul
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Jacob, etudiant a la Faculte. Extra
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«Classification
Page 376 and 377:
«Rapport du Secretariat General: s
Page 378 and 379:
INDEX The abbreviations listed at t
Page 380 and 381:
Biscoe, Walter Stanley, 101 Bishop,
Page 382 and 383:
Delisle, Leopold, 60—61, 79n Denn
Page 384 and 385:
Institut International de Bibliogra
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of with Otlet, 332—333; organises
Page 388 and 389:
1900, 76—78; criticises American
Page 390 and 391:
Office International de Bibliograph
Page 392 and 393:
Putnam, Herbert, 116, 118, 119, 123
Page 394 and 395:
Universal Book, 161 Universal Decim
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