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66. Congres Mondial des Associations Internationales: compte-rendu sommaire de la deuxieme session, Gand—Bruxelles, 15—18 juin 1913 (Publication No. 56; Bruxelles: Office Central des Associations Internationales, 1913), p. 9. «7. Ibid., p. 15. 68. Ibid., p. 35. •69. La Belgique et le mouvement international (Bruxelles: Office Central des Associations Internationales, 1913), p. 73. 70. Les Congres internationaux de San-Francisco, 1915 ... (Publication No. 70; Bruxelles: Office Central des Associations Internationales, ,1914); Les Congres de 1915 a San Francisco: la 3" session du Congres Mondial des Associations Internationales (Publication No. 81; Bruxelles: Office Central des Associations Internationales, 1914). 71. Prosper Poullet to Otlet, 7 April 1913, unnumbered file, Mundaneum attics. 72. Comte de Torre Velez to Otlet, 17 October 1911, Otletaneum. 73. Raoul Otlet to Otlet, 5 November 1911, Otletaneum. 74. H. G. S. «The LAA '[Library Assistants Association] Easter Excursion to Brussels*, The Librarian, 1 (1910—ill), 310—3111. 75. W. C. Berwick Sayers, Manual of Classification for Librarians and Bibliographers (London: Deutsch, 1962), p. 127. 76. Otlet to the Ministre de l'lnterieur, 5 September 1913, unnumbered file, Mundaneum attics. .77. The history of Tibbaut's attempts to secure the civil status of international associations, the influence of Otlet and the World Congress etc. are carefully set out in Andre Normandin, Du statut juridique des associations internationales (Paris: Librairie Generate de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1926), see especially pp. 16, 72—76, 79—82, 98—105. 78. «Henri La Fontaine», Les Prix Nobel en 1913 (Stockholm: Imprimerie Royale, 1914), pp. 66—67; Georges Lorphevre, ^Otlet (Paul)», Biographie Nationale (t32; Bruxelles: L'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 1964), Col. 553. 79. U. S. Department of State to Otlet, 4 June 1914, unnumbered file, Mundaneum attics. •80. Lyman Cromwell ( White, International Non-Governmental Organisations ... (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1951), p. 5. 81. Ibid., p. 226. 82. F. S. L. Lyons, Internationalism in Europe 1815—1914 (Leyden: A. W. Sythoff, 1963), pp. 205—208. 83. F. W. Walters, A History of the League of Nations (London: Oxford University Press, 1960), p. 190.
Chapter IX <strong>THE</strong> WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH EXILE IN FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND The invasion of Belgium by the Germans in August 1914 at once broke down the fragile structures of institutionalised internationalism that Otlet and La Fontaine had created through the Union of International Associations, the International Institute and Office of Bibliography and the International Museum. The earliest days of the War brought great personal tragedy to Otlet. In September Marcel, his older son, was taken prisoner by the Germans at Antwerp. His younger son, Jean, was reported missing in the Battle of the Yser in October. Otlet himself searched the battlefield for the boy's body. 1 It was not until several years later that Jean's •death was confirmed by information given in a prisoner-of-war camp to his brother. Even so, Otlet continued to hope for a time that somehow Jean had escaped and that this information was false. 2 As the Germans occupied Brussels, Otlet and La Fontaine, like so many of their compatriots, fled. La Fontaine went to America and during the voyage thither drafted his The Great Solution: Magnissima Carta, 3 a work in the form of a treaty, exploring the setting up of a world organisation of states. Otlet went with his wife, Cato, first to Holland then probably for a short time to England. 4 He spent most of the War, however, in Paris and in various Swiss cities. On the eve of his departure from Brussels and under the noses of the Germans, Otlet published his La Fin de la Guerre. 5 This work set the keynote for his activities in France and Switzerland. In it he presented a World Charter of Human Rights as the basis for an international federation of states. Both he and La Fontaine, at the very beginning of the War, "were passionately convinced that a lasting peace could be obtained at its conclusion only by the creation of what was later 203
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. HO YD THE UNIVERSE OF INFORMATION
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THE UNIVERSE OF INFORMATION THE WOR
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PREFACE Paul Otlet was a pioneer bo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE , 3 LIST
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Paul Otlet as
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in a diary he kept systematically f
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when quite young to forming a natur
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than ever to study alone, to resist
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thought began to polarise, and that
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my room); and Science (plan of stud
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merit of all institutions, of all t
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scribbling completed when he was wi
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his fellow stagiaires and later Bel
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iology, and everything that came be
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no philosopher, but an earnest man
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synthesis of knowledge, to bibliogr
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could be partitioned from a purely
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epertory by author's names. The Off
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14. Edmond Picard and Ferdinand Lar
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of years, was also sold, though Edo
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fortune. How could he leave him to
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Dewey did not reply immediately, an
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embracing all subjects whether exis
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The conference pressed with almost
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6. The conference resolves that pub
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liographies for law and sociology w
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instituted to ensure the steady, re
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9. Georges Lorphevre to John Metcal
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31. Moniteur beige, 17 September 11
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Chapter IV INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS
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aphy, to be truly useful, specialis
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more than the titles of the million
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International Congress of Physiolog
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all subjects should be inventoried.
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ment could be done piecemeal by exp
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in the Bolletino delle Pubblicazion
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necessary explanation of the OIB's
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-with it, prepared developments of
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the Conference was making a ruling
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Prize for its exhibition. This was
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who does not know our work with the
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Tipografico G. Civelli, 1899). This
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92. L'Institut International de Bib
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to the systematics of knowledge. Ot
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ture» 24 was pregnant with all sor
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tiers taken from different parts of
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for the second International Confer
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kinds had to be constructed by each
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The publication of this Manual toge
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Otlet's hopes of America and Dewey
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could therefore maintain its spirit
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the decimal numbers. You write 355.
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the present eighth edition (sic) sh
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FOOTNOTES 1. Decimal Classification
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Anzeiger from 1878 to 1895 and cont
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Publication No. 58; Turici: Sumptib
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Chapter THE UNIVERSAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC
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liographic information in notices i
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to a complaint from Herbert Putnam
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nam), carried on their covers their
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government documents, Andrews was t
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•cards relating to a request was
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that the town's library need only b
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to be typed. A member of the Office
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all that was needed at the OIB at a
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Memoires Physiographiques de Pologn
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50. Geddes to La Fontaine, 12 Octob
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Office International de Bibliograph
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under contract from the Belgian gov
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Moniteur beige as a form of simple
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Arctowski's plea and the implicit c
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minations between the publisher, Fo
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President, and President in 1908, a
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ment nor to encourage her to find a
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national service whose object would
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supply the government architect wit
Page 156 and 157: ned. This sum was to be spent over
Page 158 and 159: in 1912, and at that time the vario
Page 160 and 161: work should be analagous to that un
Page 162 and 163: of the Association for the Museum b
Page 164 and 165: 1908 and got down to work. The docu
Page 166 and 167: expect them to become more widely e
Page 168 and 169: The union would involve bibliograph
Page 170 and 171: 5. Catalogue Central des Bibliotheq
Page 172 and 173: 40. Letters for the period, passim,
Page 174 and 175: 77. Georges Lecointe, 1869—1929,
Page 176 and 177: Chapter VIII THE UNION OF INTERNATI
Page 178 and 179: had met to negotiate actual peace t
Page 180 and 181: evelation* to them. They were aston
Page 182 and 183: Congress. The report presented conc
Page 184 and 185: involved therefore, however indirec
Page 186 and 187: its Congresses, the Institute for I
Page 188 and 189: Two committees were constituted to
Page 190 and 191: 1. Code of rules for administrative
Page 192 and 193: standard international cataloging c
Page 194 and 195: and UIA. Always La Fontaine was at
Page 196 and 197: Although this is a fair summary, it
Page 198 and 199: It must be a museum of the best typ
Page 200 and 201: ospect, Sayers thought «quixotic e
Page 202 and 203: What was being brought to birth was
Page 204 and 205: 33. The full catalogue for the Muse
Page 208 and 209: called the League of Nations (in Fr
Page 210 and 211: Because of his indefatigable work f
Page 212 and 213: of making the neutrals understand..
Page 214 and 215: should be added to the proposed cov
Page 216 and 217: sations created by diplomatic treat
Page 218 and 219: Leon Delacroix, they wrote, «our d
Page 220 and 221: American edition of the classificat
Page 222 and 223: '•8. A note indicates that among
Page 224 and 225: 43. Nitobe to Otlet and La Fontaine
Page 226 and 227: on international sections placed un
Page 228 and 229: hoped to get the League to acknowle
Page 230 and 231: Otlet wrote to Nitobe and others th
Page 232 and 233: work of international organisation
Page 234 and 235: The Palais Mondial The Internationa
Page 236 and 237: The Palais Mondial The Aeronautic R
Page 238 and 239: The Assembly appointed a number of
Page 240 and 241: In de Leon's view there were two po
Page 242 and 243: of the privileged. And the League o
Page 244 and 245: printed that year, the Abridged Tab
Page 246 and 247: of it which had pleased him, but th
Page 248 and 249: sitions, to which all accretion in
Page 250 and 251: sort out some of the financial conf
Page 252 and 253: during this period he also acted as
Page 254 and 255: Chapter XI L'AFFAIRE DU PALAIS MOND
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sufficient pressure to bear to forc
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finished, «both for the reputation
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"first meeting in August 1922. In i
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the Union sees itself as discarded
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One of them was the future role of
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gested as, a good venue for such an
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The major problem facing the Palais
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not been able to express clearly en
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In early November, however, the Gov
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day, «by gardeners in clogs of del
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ange oi topics covered and decision
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Chapter XII GRADUAL DISINTEGRATION
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The Institute pursues its work acco
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the IIB be drawn up which would set
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for this conference. The first, a T
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The ultimate material expression of
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THE CONFERENCES OF 1924 AND AFTERWA
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keep before the President and the C
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French historian and one time Inspe
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was briefly rescued by support from
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far beyond their resources. He had
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He was disappointed that the Instit
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simply and completely so that they
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with a limited and realistic progra
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Series 2, No. 45; The Hague, Nether
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65. Note signed de Vos to M. le Dir
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C h a p t e r X I I I CHANGE, NEW D
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merit, contrary to the interests of
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national bibliography. He made it c
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the Decimal Classification they mus
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in the year been taken up independe
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the beginning of something new and
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v bad work w wh I know CD t be perm
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tions made. They were sent to Bruss
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making promises that are not kept a
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Moreover, German translation of a n
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had envisaged for encouraging work
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apparent triumph of the Dutch secti
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that the supplements issued to the
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conferences, for example, and he po
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their informal participation, Otlet
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in a single place was splendid in 1
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clearly and exactly.» Alingh Prins
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THE CRISIS RESOLVED For the purpose
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gram oi international institutions,
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44. Comar&tni, p. 329. 45. F. Donke
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89. Paul Otlet, «Sur la situation
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development through things (Nature,
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ternational Committee for Intellect
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sions as many as six, but rarely mo
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lections, but the programs of lectu
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City. A brief examination of Belgiu
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In 1938 he wrote: 1. all my papers,
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not the International Institute [fo
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As he reflected further, he knew th
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••6. «La Jeunesse et Le Palais
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS OF PAU
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Goldschmidt, Robert and Otlet, Paul
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Jacob, etudiant a la Faculte. Extra
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«Classification
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«Rapport du Secretariat General: s
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INDEX The abbreviations listed at t
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Biscoe, Walter Stanley, 101 Bishop,
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Delisle, Leopold, 60—61, 79n Denn
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Institut International de Bibliogra
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of with Otlet, 332—333; organises
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1900, 76—78; criticises American
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Office International de Bibliograph
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Putnam, Herbert, 116, 118, 119, 123
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Universal Book, 161 Universal Decim
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