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Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). A National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas (GHG), Criteria Air Contaminant (CAC) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Emissions by the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Technical Report, Volume 3, Methodology for Greenhouse Gases, September 2004. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). A National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas (GHG), Criteria Air Contaminant (CAC) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Emissions by the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Technical Report, Volume 5, Compendium of Terminology, Information Sources, Emission Factors, Equipment Schedules and Uncertainty Data, September 2004. CARB, 2008, Regulation for the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, California Air Resources Board (CARB), Final Review Draft, September 18, 2008, Sacramento, California Casella, G, and R.L. Berger. Statistical Inference, Duxbury Press, Belmont, CA, 1990. Cochran, William G, 1977, Sampling Techniques, 3 rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York. Coleman, Hugh W. and W. Glenn Steele, Jr., 1989, Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York. EMEP/CORINAIR, 2007, Emission Inventory Guidebook, European Environmental Agency (http://reports.eea.europa.eu/EMEPCORINAIR5/en/page002.html) ETSG, 2007, Compendium of Notes, Emission Trading Technical Support Group, 30 July 2007 EU-ETS MRG, 2007, “Establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council”, 2007/589/EC, Brussels, Belgium, July 18, 2007. Franzblau, A. A Primer of Statistics for Non-Statisticians, Harcourt, Brace & World, Chapter 7, 1958. INGAA, 2005, Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Guidelines for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage; Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA), Washington, DC, September 2005 IPCC Emissions Factors Database, http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php IPCC, 2000. “IPCC Good Practices Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, accepted by the IPCC Plenary at its 16th session held in Montreal, 1-8 May, 2000, Corrigendum, June 15, 2001. IPCC, 2006, “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” http://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_3_Ch3_Uncertainties.pdf ISO 6974, 2002, Natural gas – Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography (in 6 parts); First edition 2002-10-15, Geneva, Switzerland ISO 5168, 2005, Measurement of fluid flow — Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties, Second edition, 2005-06-15, Geneva, Switzerland ISO 5168-2005-06-15, 2005, “International Standard: Measurement of fluid flow – Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties”, Geneva, Switzerland. ISO/IEC 17025:2005, “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”. Current version effective as of 2005-05-12. Revises: ISO/IEC 17025:1999 Robinson, J.R. On Uncertainty in the Computation of Global Emissions for Biomass Burning. Climatic Change, 14, pp. 243-262, 1989. Shires, T.M., and M.R. Harrison. Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, Volume 6: Vented and Combustion Source Summary, Final Report, GRI-94/0257.23 and EPA-600/R-96-080f, Gas Research Institute and US Environmental Protection Agency, June 1996. http://www.gastechnology.org Pilot Version, September 2009 6-2
The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB/Board), Directive 017, Measurement Requirements for Upstream Oil and Gas Operations, Revised edition May 7, 2007 U.S. EPA, Technology Transfer Network, Clearinghouse for Inventories & Emissions Factors, Emissions Factors & AP-42, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/) Williamson, H.J., M.B. Hall, and M.R. Harrison. Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, Volume 4: Statistical Methodology, Final Report, GRI-94/0257.21 and EPA-600/R-96-080d, Gas Research Institute and US Environmental Protection Agency, June 1996. http://www.gastechnology.org Pilot Version, September 2009 6-3
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Prepared by the LEVON Group, LLC an
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Table of Contents SECTION Page FORE
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List of Tables SECTION Page 2-1 Ove
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FOREWORD The global oil and natural
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DOCUMENT AT A GLANCE This document
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Policymakers use e
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim
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2.0 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY There ar
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Table 2-1. Overview of Methods Used
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the uncertainty associated with cur
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d. Data processing uncertainty Typi
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d. Material Balance For some emissi
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRACTIC
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3.1 Flow Measurement Practices Cont
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All these factors should be assesse
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Table 3-1. Example of FFMS Combined
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3.2 Uncertainties of Flow Measureme
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Table 3-3. Compilation of Specifica
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EXHIBIT 3-3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WH
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3.3.2 Quantifying Sampling Precisio
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Table 3-4. Summary of Selected Carb
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3.5 Heat Content Determination The
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3.5.2 Computational Methods Heating
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using standard methods, non-standar
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0.6 0.4 0.2 Error 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6
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s ± t × (Equation 4-1) n where s
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4.2.1 Propagation Equations There a
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For two terms that might be correla
Page 57 and 58: EXHIBIT 4-1: Uncertainty Example fo
Page 61 and 62: Further guidance for assigning unce
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 Quantifying Measurement Uncerta
Page 69 and 70: Are the data based on a single poin
Page 71 and 72: Two methods are compared. The first
Page 73 and 74: . EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-13 shows the uncertainty in
Page 79 and 80: Table 4-13. Comparison of Annual Em
Page 81 and 82: • The evolution of activity and e
Page 83 and 84: These guidelines concentrate solely
Page 85 and 86: (Reprinted from the API Compendium)
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-2. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 89 and 90: associated with them are assigned b
Page 91 and 92: Table 5-4. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 93 and 94: 5.2.4 Propagating Assymetric Uncert
Page 95 and 96: U( rel) = U( rel) + U( rel) + U( re
Page 97 and 98: Coke burn rate approach (Equation 5
Page 99 and 100: Wt% C ∑ lbmole x lbmole C 12 lb C
Page 101 and 102: The CO 2 emissions are calculated u
Page 103 and 104: GHG Emissions, tonnes/yr 60,000 50,
Page 105 and 106: vast majority of the uncertainty fo
Page 107: 6.0 REFERENCES AGA, 2008, Greenhous
Page 111 and 112: Appendix A GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX B LIST OF INDUSTRY MEASURE
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 2.8B Establishment of the L
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 11.5.3 Chapter 12.1.1 Chapt
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 19.4 Chapter 20.1 RP 85 RP
Page 125 and 126: ISO 8222:2002 ISO 8697:1999 ISO 902
Page 127 and 128: ISO 7194:2008 Measurement of fluid
Page 129 and 130: ASTM D4292 ASTM D4892 ASTM D5002 AS
Page 131 and 132: APPENDIX C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 133 and 134: Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 135 and 136: Appendix D SELECT MEASUREMENT METHO
Page 137 and 138: c. ASTM UOP539-97, Refinery Gas Ana
Page 139 and 140: interference between known componen
Page 141 and 142: maintained over the room temperatur
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX E UNITS CONVERSION
Page 145 and 146: − Gasoline density (average) = 0.
Page 147 and 148: Appendix F UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION D
Page 149 and 150: The uncertainty for the heaters/reb
Page 151 and 152: ∑ 2 U ( abs) = U( abs) ∑(Wt%C)
Page 153 and 154: Combining the fuel usage for the tw
Page 155 and 156: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 157 and 158: U ( abs) = ( U ( abs) + U ( abs) +
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E E CO2e 219 tonne CO ⎛ 2 0.0108
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E CO 2 6 500× 10 scf gas lbmole ga
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• Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
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Upper: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs)
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default CH 4 content is 5.53% from
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Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
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( ) Urel ( ) = Urel ( ) = Urel ( )
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Uncertainty Estimate for CH 4 and C
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specific mole % for CH 4 and CO 2 i
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E CO2 0.07239 tonne CH 4 tonne mole
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U ( rel) = U( rel) +U( rel) +U( rel
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Table F-14. Fugitive Emission and U
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U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs) +U( ab
Page 185 and 186:
Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High
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