addressing uncertainty in oil and natural gas industry greenhouse

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Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High CO 2 Content) Emissions CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O and Other GHG Total Emissions, CO 2 Eq Source Type Combustion Sources Vented sources Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Source Boiler/heaters 5,200 8.78 8.78 0.0865 26.1 26.1 0.0242 100 150 5,210 8.77 8.77 Natural gas engines 13,900 15.7 15.7 0.904 29.4 29.4 0.325 100 151 14,100 15.6 15.6 Emergency generator IC engine 219 15.6 15.6 0.0108 27.8 27.8 0.00175 100 151 220 15.5 15.5 Fire water pump IC engine 0.00112 100 106 0.0000467 100 151 Flares 27,400 23.4 23.4 153 25.3 25.3 0.223 100 200 30,700 21.1 21.1 Fleet vehicles 127 19.4 19.4 0.00643 100 151 0.00871 100 151 129 19.1 19.2 Combustion Total 46,800 14.5 14.5 154 25.2 25.2 0.582 68.9 114 49,900 13.7 13.7 Dehydration and Kimray pump vents 105 77.5 77.5 254 77.5 77.5 NA NA NA 5,440 76.0 76.0 Tanks – flashing losses 775 90.4 90.4 1,880 90.4 90.4 NA NA NA 40,300 88.7 88.7 Amine unit 62,600 6.97 6.97 193 100 119 NA NA NA 66,700 8.94 9.77 Pneumatic devices 64.6 50.2 50.2 157 50.2 50.2 NA NA NA 3,360 49.2 49.2 Chemical injection pumps 48.6 100 108 118 100 108 NA NA NA 2,530 98.1 106 Vessel blowdowns 0.0702 100 326 0.171 100 326 NA NA NA 3.65 98.1 319 Compressor starts 0.745 100 190 1.81 100 190 NA NA NA 38.7 98.1 187 Compressor blowdowns 0.333 100 179 0.808 100 179 NA NA NA 17.3 98.1 175 Well workovers 0.0181 100 300 0.0439 100 300 NA NA NA 0.939 98.1 294 Other non-routine (PRVs) 0.131 100 310 0.318 100 310 NA NA NA 6.81 98.1 319 Vented Total 63,600 6.95 6.95 2,610 66.3 66.5 NA NA NA 118,000 30.9 31.0 Pilot Version, September 2009 F-38
Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High CO 2 Content) Emissions, continued CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O and Other GHG Total Emissions, CO 2 Eq Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Uncertainty Emissions % (tonnes/yr) Lower Upper Source Type Source Fugitive Sources Fugitive components NA NA NA 52.6 66.2 83.3 NA NA NA 1,100 66.2 83.3 Fleet vehicle refrigeration, R-314a NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00100 100 112 1.30 100 112 Fugitive Total NA NA NA 52.6 66.2 83.3 0.00100 100 112 1,100 66.1 83.2 Indirect Sources Electricity consumed 551 10.2 10.2 0.00776 100 100 0.00628 100 100 553 10.2 10.2 Indirect Total 551 10.2 10.2 0.00890 100 100 0.00628 100 100 553 10.2 10.2 TOTAL (tonnes of each gas) 111,000 7.29 7.29 2,820 61.4 61.7 N 2 O:0.588 67.1 113 R134a: 0.00100 100 112 TOTAL (CO 2 Equivalents) 111,000 7.29 7.29 59,100 61.4 61.7 184 66.6 112 170,300 21.9 21.9 Values may not sum due to rounding. Pilot Version, September 2009 F-39
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Prepared by the LEVON Group, LLC an
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Table of Contents SECTION Page FORE
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List of Tables SECTION Page 2-1 Ove
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FOREWORD The global oil and natural
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DOCUMENT AT A GLANCE This document
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Policymakers use e
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim
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2.0 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY There ar
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Table 2-1. Overview of Methods Used
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the uncertainty associated with cur
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d. Data processing uncertainty Typi
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d. Material Balance For some emissi
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRACTIC
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3.1 Flow Measurement Practices Cont
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All these factors should be assesse
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Table 3-1. Example of FFMS Combined
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3.2 Uncertainties of Flow Measureme
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Table 3-3. Compilation of Specifica
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EXHIBIT 3-3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WH
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3.3.2 Quantifying Sampling Precisio
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Table 3-4. Summary of Selected Carb
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3.5 Heat Content Determination The
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3.5.2 Computational Methods Heating
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using standard methods, non-standar
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0.6 0.4 0.2 Error 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6
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s ± t × (Equation 4-1) n where s
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4.2.1 Propagation Equations There a
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For two terms that might be correla
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EXHIBIT 4-1: Uncertainty Example fo
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Further guidance for assigning unce
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4.4 Quantifying Measurement Uncerta
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Are the data based on a single poin
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Two methods are compared. The first
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. EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example
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Table 4-13 shows the uncertainty in
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Table 4-13. Comparison of Annual Em
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• The evolution of activity and e
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These guidelines concentrate solely
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(Reprinted from the API Compendium)
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Table 5-2. Onshore Oil Field (High
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associated with them are assigned b
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Table 5-4. Onshore Oil Field (High
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5.2.4 Propagating Assymetric Uncert
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U( rel) = U( rel) + U( rel) + U( re
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Coke burn rate approach (Equation 5
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Wt% C ∑ lbmole x lbmole C 12 lb C
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The CO 2 emissions are calculated u
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GHG Emissions, tonnes/yr 60,000 50,
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vast majority of the uncertainty fo
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6.0 REFERENCES AGA, 2008, Greenhous
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The Alberta Energy and Utilities Bo
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Appendix A GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL
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APPENDIX B LIST OF INDUSTRY MEASURE
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Chapter 2.8B Establishment of the L
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Chapter 11.5.3 Chapter 12.1.1 Chapt
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Chapter 19.4 Chapter 20.1 RP 85 RP
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ISO 8222:2002 ISO 8697:1999 ISO 902
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ISO 7194:2008 Measurement of fluid
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ASTM D4292 ASTM D4892 ASTM D5002 AS
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APPENDIX C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 133 and 134: Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 135 and 136: Appendix D SELECT MEASUREMENT METHO
Page 137 and 138: c. ASTM UOP539-97, Refinery Gas Ana
Page 139 and 140: interference between known componen
Page 141 and 142: maintained over the room temperatur
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX E UNITS CONVERSION
Page 145 and 146: − Gasoline density (average) = 0.
Page 147 and 148: Appendix F UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION D
Page 149 and 150: The uncertainty for the heaters/reb
Page 151 and 152: ∑ 2 U ( abs) = U( abs) ∑(Wt%C)
Page 153 and 154: Combining the fuel usage for the tw
Page 155 and 156: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 157 and 158: U ( abs) = ( U ( abs) + U ( abs) +
Page 159 and 160: E E CO2e 219 tonne CO ⎛ 2 0.0108
Page 161 and 162: E CO 2 6 500× 10 scf gas lbmole ga
Page 163 and 164: • Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
Page 165 and 166: Upper: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs)
Page 167 and 168: default CH 4 content is 5.53% from
Page 169 and 170: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 171 and 172: ( ) Urel ( ) = Urel ( ) = Urel ( )
Page 173 and 174: Uncertainty Estimate for CH 4 and C
Page 175 and 176: specific mole % for CH 4 and CO 2 i
Page 177 and 178: E CO2 0.07239 tonne CH 4 tonne mole
Page 179 and 180: U ( rel) = U( rel) +U( rel) +U( rel
Page 181 and 182: Table F-14. Fugitive Emission and U
Page 183: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs) +U( ab
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