addressing uncertainty in oil and natural gas industry greenhouse

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ISO 9091-2:1992 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids — Calibration of spherical tanks in ships — Part 2: Triangulation measurement ISO 13398:1997 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids — Liquefied natural gas — Procedure for custody transfer on board ship ISO 18132-1:2006 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids — General requirements for automatic level gauges — Part 1: Gauges onboard ships carrying liquefied gases ISO 18132-2:2008 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids — General requirements for automatic level gauges — Part 2: Gauges in refrigerated-type shore tanks ISO 4006:1991 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Vocabulary and symbols ISO 4185:1980 Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits — Weighing method ISO 5168:2005 Measurement of fluid flow — Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties ISO/TR 7066-1:1997 Assessment of uncertainty in calibration and use of flow measurement devices — Part 1: Linear calibration relationships ISO 7066-2:1988 Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices — Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationships ISO 8316:1987 Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits — Method by collection of the liquid in a volumetric tank ISO 9368-1:1990 Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits by the weighing method — Procedures for checking installations — Part 1: Static weighing systems ISO 9951:1993 Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits — Turbine meters ISO 11631:1998 Measurement of fluid flow — Methods of specifying flowmeter performance ISO 2186:2007 Fluid flow in closed conduits — Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and secondary elements ISO/TR 3313:1998 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Guidelines on the effects of flow pulsations on flow-measurement instruments ISO 5167-1:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements ISO 5167-2:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 2: Orifice plates ISO 5167-3:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles ISO 5167-4:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 4: Venturi tubes ISO 9300:2005 Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow Venturi nozzles ISO/TR 9464:2008 Guidelines for the use of ISO 5167:2003 ISO/TR 12767:2007 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices — Guidelines on the effect of departure from the specifications and operating conditions given in ISO 5167 ISO/TR 15377:2007 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure-differential devices — Guidelines for the specification of orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes beyond the scope of ISO 5167 ISO 3966:2008 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes ISO 6817:1992 Measurement of conductive liquid flow in closed conduits — Method using electromagnetic flowmeters Pilot Version, September 2009 B-9
ISO 7194:2008 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Velocity-area methods of flow measurement in swirling or asymmetric flow conditions in circular ducts by means of current-meters or Pitot static tubes ISO 9104:1991 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Methods of evaluating the performance of electromagnetic flow-meters for liquids ISO 10790:1999 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Guidance to the selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements) ISO/TR 12764:1997 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Flowrate measurement by means of vortex shedding flowmeters inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full ISO 13359:1998 Measurement of conductive liquid flow in closed conduits — Flanged electromagnetic flowmeters — Overall length ISO 14511:2001 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Thermal mass flowmeters ISO 13443:1996 Natural gas — Standard reference conditions ISO 14532:2001 Natural gas — Vocabulary ISO 15112:2007 Natural gas — Energy determination ISO 15970:2008 Natural gas — Measurement of properties — Volumetric properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression factor ISO 15971:2008 Natural gas — Measurement of properties — Calorific value and Wobbe index ISO 6976:1995 Natural gas — Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition ISO 10101-1:1993 Natural gas — Determination of water by the Karl Fischer method — Part 1: Introduction ISO 10101-2:1993 Natural gas — Determination of water by the Karl Fischer method — Part 2: Titration procedure ISO 10101-3:1993 Natural gas — Determination of water by the Karl Fischer method — Part 3: Coulometric procedure ISO 10715:1997 Natural gas — Sampling guidelines ISO 11541:1997 Natural gas — Determination of water content at high pressure ISO 12213-1:2006 Natural gas — Calculation of compression factor — Part 1: Introduction and guidelines ISO 12213-2:2006 Natural gas — Calculation of compression factor — Part 2: Calculation using molarcomposition analysis ISO 12213-3:2006 Natural gas — Calculation of compression factor — Part 3: Calculation using physical properties ISO 20765-1:2005 Natural gas — Calculation of thermodynamic properties — Part 1: Gas phase properties for transmission and distribution applications ISO/TR 26762:2008 Natural gas — Upstream area — Allocation of gas and condensate B.3 ASTM International ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method Pilot Version, September 2009 B-10
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Prepared by the LEVON Group, LLC an
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Table of Contents SECTION Page FORE
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List of Tables SECTION Page 2-1 Ove
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FOREWORD The global oil and natural
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DOCUMENT AT A GLANCE This document
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Policymakers use e
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim
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2.0 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY There ar
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Table 2-1. Overview of Methods Used
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the uncertainty associated with cur
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d. Data processing uncertainty Typi
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d. Material Balance For some emissi
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRACTIC
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3.1 Flow Measurement Practices Cont
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All these factors should be assesse
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Table 3-1. Example of FFMS Combined
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3.2 Uncertainties of Flow Measureme
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Table 3-3. Compilation of Specifica
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EXHIBIT 3-3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WH
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3.3.2 Quantifying Sampling Precisio
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Table 3-4. Summary of Selected Carb
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3.5 Heat Content Determination The
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3.5.2 Computational Methods Heating
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using standard methods, non-standar
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0.6 0.4 0.2 Error 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6
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s ± t × (Equation 4-1) n where s
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4.2.1 Propagation Equations There a
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For two terms that might be correla
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EXHIBIT 4-1: Uncertainty Example fo
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Page 61 and 62:
Further guidance for assigning unce
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4.4 Quantifying Measurement Uncerta
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Are the data based on a single poin
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Two methods are compared. The first
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. EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example
Page 75 and 76: EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example fo
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-13 shows the uncertainty in
Page 79 and 80: Table 4-13. Comparison of Annual Em
Page 81 and 82: • The evolution of activity and e
Page 83 and 84: These guidelines concentrate solely
Page 85 and 86: (Reprinted from the API Compendium)
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-2. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 89 and 90: associated with them are assigned b
Page 91 and 92: Table 5-4. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 93 and 94: 5.2.4 Propagating Assymetric Uncert
Page 95 and 96: U( rel) = U( rel) + U( rel) + U( re
Page 97 and 98: Coke burn rate approach (Equation 5
Page 99 and 100: Wt% C ∑ lbmole x lbmole C 12 lb C
Page 101 and 102: The CO 2 emissions are calculated u
Page 103 and 104: GHG Emissions, tonnes/yr 60,000 50,
Page 105 and 106: vast majority of the uncertainty fo
Page 107 and 108: 6.0 REFERENCES AGA, 2008, Greenhous
Page 109 and 110: The Alberta Energy and Utilities Bo
Page 111 and 112: Appendix A GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX B LIST OF INDUSTRY MEASURE
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 2.8B Establishment of the L
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 11.5.3 Chapter 12.1.1 Chapt
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 19.4 Chapter 20.1 RP 85 RP
Page 125: ISO 8222:2002 ISO 8697:1999 ISO 902
Page 129 and 130: ASTM D4292 ASTM D4892 ASTM D5002 AS
Page 131 and 132: APPENDIX C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 133 and 134: Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 135 and 136: Appendix D SELECT MEASUREMENT METHO
Page 137 and 138: c. ASTM UOP539-97, Refinery Gas Ana
Page 139 and 140: interference between known componen
Page 141 and 142: maintained over the room temperatur
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX E UNITS CONVERSION
Page 145 and 146: − Gasoline density (average) = 0.
Page 147 and 148: Appendix F UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION D
Page 149 and 150: The uncertainty for the heaters/reb
Page 151 and 152: ∑ 2 U ( abs) = U( abs) ∑(Wt%C)
Page 153 and 154: Combining the fuel usage for the tw
Page 155 and 156: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 157 and 158: U ( abs) = ( U ( abs) + U ( abs) +
Page 159 and 160: E E CO2e 219 tonne CO ⎛ 2 0.0108
Page 161 and 162: E CO 2 6 500× 10 scf gas lbmole ga
Page 163 and 164: • Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
Page 165 and 166: Upper: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs)
Page 167 and 168: default CH 4 content is 5.53% from
Page 169 and 170: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 171 and 172: ( ) Urel ( ) = Urel ( ) = Urel ( )
Page 173 and 174: Uncertainty Estimate for CH 4 and C
Page 175 and 176: specific mole % for CH 4 and CO 2 i
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E CO2 0.07239 tonne CH 4 tonne mole
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U ( rel) = U( rel) +U( rel) +U( rel
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Table F-14. Fugitive Emission and U
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U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs) +U( ab
Page 185 and 186:
Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High
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