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Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, INSPECTION, CALIBRATION AND EXPECTED UNCERTAINTIES FOR COMMON FLOW METERS a METER TYPE MEDIUM OPERATING CONDITIONS INSPECTION & CALIBRATION RANDOM ERROR b Rotary meter Gas − Application filter for polluted gas streams − Cleaning: once per 10 years, recalibration and if necessary − 0-20% of the measurement range: 3% (Expected life span: 25 adjusting − 20-100% of the years) − Annual inspection: oil level of measurement range: 1.5% the carter Turbine flow meter Gas − Application filter for polluted gas streams − Cleaning: once per 5 year, recalibration and adjusting, if − 0-20% of the measurement range: 3% (Expected life span: 25 − No pulsating gas stream necessary − 20-100% of the years) − No overload of longer than 30 − Visual inspection: annual measurement range: 1.5% minutes › 120% of maximum measurement range − Lubrication of bearings: once per three months (not for Bellows meter (Expected life span: 25 years) Orifice meter (Expected life span: 30 years) permanent lubricated bearings) Gas − Cleaning: once per 10 year, recalibration and adjusting, if necessary Gas and Liquid − − − No corrosive gases and liquids Orifice placement guidelines: o Minimum of 4D free input flow length before the orifice o Minimum of 2D after the orifice Smooth surface of inner wall − − − − − Annual maintenance: according to general instructions for measurement principle Annual calibration: pressure transmitter Calibration of the orifice meter: once in 5 years Annual inspection: abrasion orifice and fouling Annual maintenance according to general instructions for measurement principle − 0-20% of the measurement range: 6% − 20-100% of the range: 4% − 30-100% of the measurement range: 1.5% Pilot Version, September 2009 C-1
Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, INSPECTION, CALIBRATION AND EXPECTED UNCERTAINTIES FOR COMMON FLOW METERS (continued) a METER TYPE MEDIUM OPERATING CONDITIONS INSPECTION & CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY b Venturi meter Gas and Liquid − No corrosive gases and liquids − Annual calibration: pressure transmitter − 20-100% of the measurement range: 1.5% (Expected life span: 30 years) − Calibration: entire measurement instrument – once per 5 year − Annual: visual inspection − Annual maintenance according to general instructions for measurement principle Ultrasonic meter (Expected life span: 15 Gas and Liquid − Transducer assembly to be replaced according to the manufacturer’s specifications − Cleaning: once per 5 years, recalibration and adjusting, if necessary − 1-100% of the measurement range: 0.5% years) − No disturbances in frequencies − Annual inspection − Composition of flowing medium should be known o Contact between transducer and tube wall − Ultrasonic meters guidelines: o Wall corrosion Vortex meter (Expected life span: 10 years) o Minimum of 10D free input flow length before the meter, and o Minimum of 5D after the meter Gas − Set-up is free of vibration − Avoid compressive shocks − Vortex meters guidelines: o Minimum of 15D free input flow length before the meter, and o Minimum of 5D after the meter − − − − o Transducers Annual maintenance according to instructions of manufacturer/ general instructions measurement principles Cleaning: once per 5 years, recalibration and adjusting, if needed Annual inspection of: sensors, bluff body, and wall corrosion, Annual maintenance according to general instructions for measurement principle a Based on material presented in the ETSG, July 2007 document and the sources cited within b Random errors are based on experience of operating the respective flowmeters under designated installation, operation, calibration, inspection and maintenance procedures. − 10-100% of the measurement range: 2% Pilot Version, September 2009 C-2
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Prepared by the LEVON Group, LLC an
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Table of Contents SECTION Page FORE
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List of Tables SECTION Page 2-1 Ove
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FOREWORD The global oil and natural
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DOCUMENT AT A GLANCE This document
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Policymakers use e
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim
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2.0 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY There ar
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Table 2-1. Overview of Methods Used
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the uncertainty associated with cur
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d. Data processing uncertainty Typi
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d. Material Balance For some emissi
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRACTIC
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3.1 Flow Measurement Practices Cont
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All these factors should be assesse
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Table 3-1. Example of FFMS Combined
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3.2 Uncertainties of Flow Measureme
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Table 3-3. Compilation of Specifica
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EXHIBIT 3-3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WH
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3.3.2 Quantifying Sampling Precisio
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Table 3-4. Summary of Selected Carb
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3.5 Heat Content Determination The
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3.5.2 Computational Methods Heating
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using standard methods, non-standar
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0.6 0.4 0.2 Error 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6
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s ± t × (Equation 4-1) n where s
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4.2.1 Propagation Equations There a
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For two terms that might be correla
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EXHIBIT 4-1: Uncertainty Example fo
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Further guidance for assigning unce
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4.4 Quantifying Measurement Uncerta
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Are the data based on a single poin
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Two methods are compared. The first
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. EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example
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Table 4-13 shows the uncertainty in
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Table 4-13. Comparison of Annual Em
Page 81 and 82: • The evolution of activity and e
Page 83 and 84: These guidelines concentrate solely
Page 85 and 86: (Reprinted from the API Compendium)
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-2. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 89 and 90: associated with them are assigned b
Page 91 and 92: Table 5-4. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 93 and 94: 5.2.4 Propagating Assymetric Uncert
Page 95 and 96: U( rel) = U( rel) + U( rel) + U( re
Page 97 and 98: Coke burn rate approach (Equation 5
Page 99 and 100: Wt% C ∑ lbmole x lbmole C 12 lb C
Page 101 and 102: The CO 2 emissions are calculated u
Page 103 and 104: GHG Emissions, tonnes/yr 60,000 50,
Page 105 and 106: vast majority of the uncertainty fo
Page 107 and 108: 6.0 REFERENCES AGA, 2008, Greenhous
Page 109 and 110: The Alberta Energy and Utilities Bo
Page 111 and 112: Appendix A GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX B LIST OF INDUSTRY MEASURE
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 2.8B Establishment of the L
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 11.5.3 Chapter 12.1.1 Chapt
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 19.4 Chapter 20.1 RP 85 RP
Page 125 and 126: ISO 8222:2002 ISO 8697:1999 ISO 902
Page 127 and 128: ISO 7194:2008 Measurement of fluid
Page 129 and 130: ASTM D4292 ASTM D4892 ASTM D5002 AS
Page 131: APPENDIX C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 135 and 136: Appendix D SELECT MEASUREMENT METHO
Page 137 and 138: c. ASTM UOP539-97, Refinery Gas Ana
Page 139 and 140: interference between known componen
Page 141 and 142: maintained over the room temperatur
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX E UNITS CONVERSION
Page 145 and 146: − Gasoline density (average) = 0.
Page 147 and 148: Appendix F UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION D
Page 149 and 150: The uncertainty for the heaters/reb
Page 151 and 152: ∑ 2 U ( abs) = U( abs) ∑(Wt%C)
Page 153 and 154: Combining the fuel usage for the tw
Page 155 and 156: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 157 and 158: U ( abs) = ( U ( abs) + U ( abs) +
Page 159 and 160: E E CO2e 219 tonne CO ⎛ 2 0.0108
Page 161 and 162: E CO 2 6 500× 10 scf gas lbmole ga
Page 163 and 164: • Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
Page 165 and 166: Upper: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs)
Page 167 and 168: default CH 4 content is 5.53% from
Page 169 and 170: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 171 and 172: ( ) Urel ( ) = Urel ( ) = Urel ( )
Page 173 and 174: Uncertainty Estimate for CH 4 and C
Page 175 and 176: specific mole % for CH 4 and CO 2 i
Page 177 and 178: E CO2 0.07239 tonne CH 4 tonne mole
Page 179 and 180: U ( rel) = U( rel) +U( rel) +U( rel
Page 181 and 182: Table F-14. Fugitive Emission and U
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U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs) +U( ab
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Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High
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