addressing uncertainty in oil and natural gas industry greenhouse

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Chapter 17.1 Chapter 17.2 Chapter 17.3 Chapter 17.4 Chapter 17.5 Chapter 17.6 Chapter 17.7 Chapter 17.8 Chapter 17.9 Chapter 17.10.2 Chapter 17.11 Chapter 17.12 Chapter 18.1 Publ 2514A Publ 2524 Publ 2558 TR 2567 TR 2568 TR 2569 Chapter 19.1 Chapter 19.1A Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection Measurement of Cargoes on Board Tank Vessels Guidelines for Identification of the Source of Free Waters Associated With Marine Petroleum Cargo Movements Method for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels (OBQ/ROB) Guidelines for Cargo Analysis and Reconciliation Guidelines for Determining Fullness of Pipelines Between Vessels and Shore Tanks Recommended Practices for Developing Barge Control Factors (Volume Ratio) Guidelines for Pre-Loading Inspection of Marine Vessel Cargo Tanks Vessel Experience Factor (VEF) Measurement of Refrigerated and/or Pressurized Cargoes on Board Marine Gas Carriers, Part 2—Liquefied Petroleum and Chemical Gases Measurement and Sampling of Cargoes on Board Tank Vessels Using Closed and Restricted Equipment Procedure for Bulk Liquid Chemical Cargo Inspection by Cargo Inspectors Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil Gathered From Small Tanks by Truck Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Emissions from Marine Vessel Transfer Operations Impact Assessment of New Data on the Validity of American Petroleum Institute Marine Transfer Operation Emission Factors Wind Tunnel Testing of External Floating-Roof Storage Tanks Evaporative Loss from Storage Tank Floating Roof Landings Evaporative Loss from the Cleaning of Storage Tanks Evaporative Loss from Closed-vent Internal Floating-roof Storage Tanks Evaporative Loss from Fixed-roof Tanks Evaporation Loss from Low-pressure Tanks Chapter 19.1D Documentation File for API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.1 “Evaporative Loss from Fixed-roof Tanks” Chapter 19.2 Evaporative Loss from Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part A Wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-fitting Loss Factors for External Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part B Air Concentration Test Method—Rim-seal Loss Factors for Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part C Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Rim-seal Loss Factors for Internal Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part D Fugitive Emission Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-seam Loss Factors for Internal Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part E Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-fitting Loss Factors for Internal Floating-roof Tanks Chapter 19.3, Part F Evaporative Loss Factor for Storage Tanks Certification Program Chapter 19.3, Part G Certified Loss Factor Testing Laboratory Registration Chapter 19.3, Part H Tank Seals and Fittings Certification—Administration Pilot Version, September 2009 B-5
Chapter 19.4 Chapter 20.1 RP 85 RP 86 RP 87 Chapter 21.1 Chapter 21.2 Chapter 21.2-A1 Chapter 22.1 Chapter 22.2 Std 2560 Publ 2566 Recommended Practice for Speciation of Evaporative Losses Allocation Measurement Use of Subsea Wet-gas Flowmeters in Allocation Measurement Systems Recommended Practice for Measurement of Multiphase Flow Recommended Practice for Field Analysis of Crude Oil Samples Containing from Two to Fifty Percent Water by Volume Electronic Gas Measurement Flow Measurement—Electronic Liquid Measurement Addendum 1 to Flow Measurement Using Electronic Metering Systems Testing Protocols—General Guidelines for Developing Testing Protocols for Devices Used in the Measurement of Hydrocarbon Fluids Testing Protocols—Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices Reconciliation of Liquid Pipeline Quantities State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering B.2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 91-1:1992 Petroleum measurement tables — Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15 degrees C and 60 degrees F ISO 91-2:1991 Petroleum measurement tables — Part 2: Tables based on a reference temperature of 20 degrees C ISO 2714:1980 Liquid hydrocarbons — Volumetric measurement by displacement meter systems other than dispensing pumps ISO 2715:1981 Liquid hydrocarbons — Volumetric measurement by turbine meter systems ISO 3170:2004 Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling ISO 3171:1988 Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling ISO 3675:1998 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density — Hydrometer method ISO 3733:1999 Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method ISO 3734:1997 Petroleum products — Determination of water and sediment in residual fuel oils — Centrifuge method ISO 3735:1999 Crude petroleum and fuel oils — Determination of sediment — Extraction method ISO 3838:2004 Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products — Determination of density or relative density — Capillary-stoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer methods ISO 3993:1984 Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons — Determination of density or relative density — Pressure hydrometer method ISO 4124:1994 Liquid hydrocarbons — Dynamic measurement — Statistical control of volumetric metering systems ISO 4257:2001 Liquefied petroleum gases — Method of sampling Pilot Version, September 2009 B-6
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Prepared by the LEVON Group, LLC an
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Table of Contents SECTION Page FORE
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List of Tables SECTION Page 2-1 Ove
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FOREWORD The global oil and natural
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DOCUMENT AT A GLANCE This document
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Policymakers use e
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Clim
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2.0 SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY There ar
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Table 2-1. Overview of Methods Used
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the uncertainty associated with cur
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d. Data processing uncertainty Typi
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d. Material Balance For some emissi
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRACTIC
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3.1 Flow Measurement Practices Cont
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All these factors should be assesse
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Table 3-1. Example of FFMS Combined
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3.2 Uncertainties of Flow Measureme
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Table 3-3. Compilation of Specifica
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EXHIBIT 3-3: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WH
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3.3.2 Quantifying Sampling Precisio
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Table 3-4. Summary of Selected Carb
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3.5 Heat Content Determination The
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3.5.2 Computational Methods Heating
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using standard methods, non-standar
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0.6 0.4 0.2 Error 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6
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s ± t × (Equation 4-1) n where s
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4.2.1 Propagation Equations There a
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For two terms that might be correla
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EXHIBIT 4-1: Uncertainty Example fo
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Further guidance for assigning unce
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4.4 Quantifying Measurement Uncerta
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Are the data based on a single poin
Page 71 and 72: Two methods are compared. The first
Page 73 and 74: . EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example
Page 75 and 76: EXHIBIT 4-6: Uncertainty Example fo
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-13 shows the uncertainty in
Page 79 and 80: Table 4-13. Comparison of Annual Em
Page 81 and 82: • The evolution of activity and e
Page 83 and 84: These guidelines concentrate solely
Page 85 and 86: (Reprinted from the API Compendium)
Page 87 and 88: Table 5-2. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 89 and 90: associated with them are assigned b
Page 91 and 92: Table 5-4. Onshore Oil Field (High
Page 93 and 94: 5.2.4 Propagating Assymetric Uncert
Page 95 and 96: U( rel) = U( rel) + U( rel) + U( re
Page 97 and 98: Coke burn rate approach (Equation 5
Page 99 and 100: Wt% C ∑ lbmole x lbmole C 12 lb C
Page 101 and 102: The CO 2 emissions are calculated u
Page 103 and 104: GHG Emissions, tonnes/yr 60,000 50,
Page 105 and 106: vast majority of the uncertainty fo
Page 107 and 108: 6.0 REFERENCES AGA, 2008, Greenhous
Page 109 and 110: The Alberta Energy and Utilities Bo
Page 111 and 112: Appendix A GLOSSARY OF STATISTICAL
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX B LIST OF INDUSTRY MEASURE
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 2.8B Establishment of the L
Page 121: Chapter 11.5.3 Chapter 12.1.1 Chapt
Page 125 and 126: ISO 8222:2002 ISO 8697:1999 ISO 902
Page 127 and 128: ISO 7194:2008 Measurement of fluid
Page 129 and 130: ASTM D4292 ASTM D4892 ASTM D5002 AS
Page 131 and 132: APPENDIX C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 133 and 134: Appendix C OPERATING CONDITIONS, IN
Page 135 and 136: Appendix D SELECT MEASUREMENT METHO
Page 137 and 138: c. ASTM UOP539-97, Refinery Gas Ana
Page 139 and 140: interference between known componen
Page 141 and 142: maintained over the room temperatur
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX E UNITS CONVERSION
Page 145 and 146: − Gasoline density (average) = 0.
Page 147 and 148: Appendix F UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION D
Page 149 and 150: The uncertainty for the heaters/reb
Page 151 and 152: ∑ 2 U ( abs) = U( abs) ∑(Wt%C)
Page 153 and 154: Combining the fuel usage for the tw
Page 155 and 156: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 157 and 158: U ( abs) = ( U ( abs) + U ( abs) +
Page 159 and 160: E E CO2e 219 tonne CO ⎛ 2 0.0108
Page 161 and 162: E CO 2 6 500× 10 scf gas lbmole ga
Page 163 and 164: • Fuel Economy (miles per gallon)
Page 165 and 166: Upper: U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs)
Page 167 and 168: default CH 4 content is 5.53% from
Page 169 and 170: Uncertainty Estimate of CO 2 e Emis
Page 171 and 172: ( ) Urel ( ) = Urel ( ) = Urel ( )
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Uncertainty Estimate for CH 4 and C
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specific mole % for CH 4 and CO 2 i
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E CO2 0.07239 tonne CH 4 tonne mole
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U ( rel) = U( rel) +U( rel) +U( rel
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Table F-14. Fugitive Emission and U
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U ( abs) = (U( abs) +U( abs) +U( ab
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Table F-15. Onshore Oil Field (High
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