HCM 433 MANGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR.pdf

1. One obvious characteristic of a group is that it is composed of two or more individuals
engaged in social interaction. People interact-verbally by mutually influencing each other.
People must influence each other in same way to be considered a group.
2. Group must also have some structure i.e. some stable pattern of relationships between
members. A group structure is determined, impart, by cohesiveness i.e. – the present member
faced to remain in their group. And it is also influenced by the informal rules that operate in
groups referred to as norms. Similarly it is determined by the many roles played by group
members.
3. A third characteristic of social group is that they share common goals groups from for some
reasons their members come together to achieve some goals that they unifying interest that
helps sustain the group.
4. A goals characteristic of group is that their members perceived themselves as a group. People
must reason with each other as similar in some ways, as sharing some common fate. Group
members recognized each other and are able to differentiate who is and who is not part of the
group.
3.3 TYPES OF GROUPS
There are numerous types of groups. There small and large groups, primary and secondary groups,
membership and reference groups, in and out groups and formal and informal groups. Each type
has different characteristics and different effects on its members.
According to Charles H. Cooley, primary groups are those characterized by inmate. Face to face
association and cooperation. They are primary in several senses, but chiefly in that they are
fundamental in forming the social nature and ideas of the individuals. Often the terms Small group
and Primary group are used interchangeable. Technically, there is a different. A small group has
to meet only criterions the assign pecise numbers, but the accepted criterion of small size. Usually
no attempt is made to assign precise numbers, but the accepted criterion is that the group must be
small enough for face to face interaction and communication to occur. In addition to being small, a
primary group must have a feeling of comradeship. Loyalty and common sense are of values
among members. Thus, all primary groups are primary groups. Two examples of primary groups
are the family and the peer group.
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