HCM 433 MANGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR.pdf

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v. It ensures valuable communication from or in all directions. One may therefore rightly conclude that, status, like power, is also a function of social interaction in a social system. And it is rather conferred than possessed. 4.0 TUTORMARKED ASSIGNMENTS Explain in clear terms the concept of occupational prestige to bring out its importance. 5.0 CONCLUSION This unit discussed status and concludes that for an organization to be effective, distributive justice and status, congruence must be allowed to take its course. When inequality is perceived it created disequilibrium and attempt are always made by the people either in an organization or social system at ensuring equilibrium in status. 6.0 SUMMARY Status, like power, is a function of social interaction in a social system. And it is rather conferred than possessed. Key elements in status are ranking and comparison. Status are commonly conferred on people by the social system based on the possession of some factors such as wealth, occupation, culture, personal achievement, education, family background etc. 7.0 REFERENCES Gbolahan Gbadamosi and Adebakin, Moruf A. (2009), Organisational Behaviour: A Basic Introduction, 2 nd Edition, Nukucanu and Brothers Enterprises,Shomolu – Lagos. Hicks, H.G. and Gullet C.R. (1976): Organisations: Theory and Behaviour, McGraw- Hill Kogak Usha Limited Musaaz, J.C.S (1982): The Theory and Practice of Educational Administration; (Nigeria), Macmillan Press 80
UNIT 8: Content PERCEPTION 1.0. Introduction - - - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------65 2.0. Objectives - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------65 3.0. Perception- - - - - - - -----------------------------------------------------65 3.1. The stuff of perception- - - - ---------------------------------------------65 3.2. The principles of perceptual selectivity - - - - -----------------------------66 3.3. Social Perception - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------69 4.0 Tutor Marked Assignment------------------------------------------------72 4.0. Conclusion - - - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------72 5.0. Summary - - - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------72 7.0. References - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------72 1.0 INTRODUCTION Perception is one of the most important cognitive processes. Basically cognitions are bits of information and the cognitive processes involve the ways in which people process that information. In other words, the cognitive processes suggest that, like computers, humans are information processor. However people’s individual differences and uniqueness are largely the result of the cognitive processes. Perception is the chief mechanism by which human beings comes to know the world outside them. Understanding of this concept is what this unit seeks to equip you with as a learner. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this studying this unit, you should be able to: 1. State the meaning of perceptual 2. List and discuss the principles of perceptual selectivity 81
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
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HCM 433 - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATI
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UNIT 15: Organisational Structure E
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HCM 433 - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATI
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UNIT 10: Work Groups UNIT 11: Commu
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Course Editor: Programme Leader: Na
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· Discuss the behaviour influencin
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MODULE: 1 UNIT 1 MANAGEMENT PERSPEC
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(iii) The reference to management a
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Departmental heads, Supervisors, Fo
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in coordinating efforts occur becau
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For purpose of this book, administr
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UNIT 2 THE STUFF OF ORGANISATIONAL
Page 29 and 30: suggested by the economic security
Page 31 and 32: of organisational behaviour and a n
Page 33 and 34: *We see organizations as societies
Page 35 and 36: Mullins, L. J. (2000). Management a
Page 37 and 38: The common features of a formal Org
Page 39 and 40: of inefficiency was prevalent in th
Page 41 and 42: •Discipline •Unity of Command
Page 43 and 44: 3. Explain clearly the different ty
Page 45 and 46: expectations that supervisor, thoug
Page 47 and 48: Many types of barriers which can oc
Page 49 and 50: who unable to leave. Such workers c
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Page 53 and 54: It is however important to note (re
Page 55 and 56: processes that are not a response t
Page 57 and 58: UNIT 5: Content MANAGEMENT OF CHANG
Page 59 and 60: Technological Change: Everyone is k
Page 61 and 62: Sometimes changes are introduced wi
Page 63 and 64: iii. Even where change is socially
Page 65 and 66: 3.8 MANAGING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE A
Page 67 and 68: Mullins, L. J. (2000). Management a
Page 69 and 70: It is the resource that enables a l
Page 71 and 72: influences other because they feel
Page 73 and 74: This basis of power is based on the
Page 75 and 76: 7.0 REFERENCES French, W. L. and Be
Page 77 and 78: iv. Personal Achievement: here, the
Page 79: The relationship between status, oc
Page 83 and 84: interpretation of the world around
Page 85 and 86: 3. Past Experience: The selective n
Page 87 and 88: outstanding performance is attribut
Page 89 and 90: greatly influenced by their own cha
Page 91 and 92: elate to the social stimulus value
Page 93 and 94: Similarly individual are born into
Page 95 and 96: a) The Id is the unit that contains
Page 97 and 98: 5. Genital stage (13 years and abov
Page 99 and 100: 5.0 CONCLUSION We have in this sect
Page 101 and 102: At the end of studying this unit, y
Page 103 and 104: Besides, there are also other class
Page 105 and 106: a Socialization of New Employees: S
Page 107 and 108: (rewards greater than cost) of an o
Page 109 and 110: 2. Eye Contact and Location of Memb
Page 111 and 112: UNIT 11: COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZAT
Page 113 and 114: (i) Some individual or group as an
Page 115 and 116: (v) Communication is also the neces
Page 117 and 118: task of communication. In other wor
Page 119 and 120: tone of voice, the choice of langua
Page 121 and 122: UNIT 12: MOTIVATION 1.0. Introducti
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Page 125 and 126: 3.2 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION There ar
Page 127 and 128: According to Maslow, needs are hier
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The first group of factors (the dis
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The question is however often asked
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A effects. In this unit our attenti
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Probability that effort will lead t
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satisfy their emotions and desires.
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The implication of attribution theo
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i. more workers are able to do vari
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influences that motivate people so
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Thirdly, it is almost certainly tru
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“Labour is good in its self. A ma
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8. The motivation of many employees
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In every organization, there exists
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decentralisation, with activities i
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Structure provides the framework fo
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According to Mullins (2000), clearl
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functions, departments or sections.
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M :- Marketing F :- Finance iv) Nat
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•the process of managing the acti
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functions undertaken increases. Peo
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Therefore, the matrix organisation
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A basic aim for the study of organi
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ii) Technology - the manner in whic
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Task - the nature of the work activ
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In a university, for example, the m
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The growth of information technolog
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Most organisational resources are l
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It may not always be possible for m
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•Influence of Technology on Organ
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Mitchell, T. R. (1987). People in O
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