HCM 433 MANGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR.pdf

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3.0 THE CONCEPT OF STATUS <strong>AND</strong> OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE 3.1 THE MEANING OF STATUS Status is another characteristic of individual which affects behavior generally. In a social system, status cannot and must not be ignored because of its importance to most people. In this context, it is common to see people with high status act differently from people with low status. As a concept, status is defined as the social rank of a person in relation to other people in a social system. Psychologists described status as the rank we confer on a person according to our perception of him. Status is therefore a product of social interaction and no one is assumed to have it unless it is conferred on him by that interaction. The terms role and status are sometimes used interchangeably but the distinction is instructive. While status defines who a person is. Role defines what such a person is expected to do status can either be Formal or Informal. It is formal when the rank is designated by the authority structure of the organization and it is informal when it is accorded to people because of feeling towards them. It must also be pointed out that one key elements in status are ranking and comparison. Individuals are bound together in status system or status hierarchies which defined their rank in relation or relative to other within the system. Simply put therefore, status is the worth of an individual as estimated by a group or class of persons. 3.2 SOURCES OF STATUS There are basically two main sources of status; the social system based on value perception and the organization. Status are commonly conferred on people by the social system based on the possession of some factors such as wealth, occupation, culture, personal achievement, education, family background etc. specifically, the following are sources of status. i. Occupation: This confers status in two ways. First what we do to bring progress to others bring status and two occupation indicated into which social class an individual belong. ii. Wealth: Society gives status to individual through the organization of wealth principally because of the reward and the cost invested in sharing his wealth to others. E.g. a philanthropist. iii. Culture: A chief, elders, priests are given status from the community either because of hard work, old age or environmental demand. 76
iv. Personal Achievement: here, the concept of “self-made man” plays an important role. Military generally, scientist managers, sports figure acquire celebrity status because of personal achievement can bring lasting recognition and prestige. v. Education: In modern industrial society individual who lacks the expected educational qualifications is almost meligible. The amount of formal education an individual can obtain will affects his occupation. Income level, reputation etc. vi. Family Background: The achievements and status of one’s parents and grand parent also contribute to a great deal in giving high status to people from that family. vii. Leisure time: They way people spend their leisure time gives them status. This can arise from being a member of a social club such as the rotary, inner wheel, oriental, Tennis club etc. These clubs are actually for the opulence and those who cannot reach this height often place them in high esteem. Unlike the individual sources, the organization also gives status through one of four ways. These are: i. Organization association ii. Occupation (e.g. supreme court judges) iii. Organizational level (e.g. Managing Director) iv. Salary (e.g. 3.5 Million naira for furniture allowance) v. Work loads (e.g. Number of publications or research articles a lecturer has to his credit). 3.3 STATUS COMPARISON <strong>AND</strong> REACTIONS TO COMPARISON Status comparison refers to act of ranking others and comparing ourselves to such rank people. It can also be used to measure the values or worth of one’s status among others. It is a truism that characteristically, high status people. i. Enjoy more power and influence ii. Receive more privileges from their group iii. Tend to participate more in significant group activities iv. Tend to interact more with their peers than with those of lower rank. Basically, high status gives people opportunity to play a more important role in an organization. As a result lower status members tend to feel isolated from the mainstream and show more stress symptoms than higher ranked members. 77
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
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HCM 433 - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATI
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UNIT 15: Organisational Structure E
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HCM 433 - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATI
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UNIT 10: Work Groups UNIT 11: Commu
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Course Editor: Programme Leader: Na
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· Discuss the behaviour influencin
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MODULE: 1 UNIT 1 MANAGEMENT PERSPEC
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(iii) The reference to management a
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Departmental heads, Supervisors, Fo
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in coordinating efforts occur becau
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Page 27 and 28: UNIT 2 THE STUFF OF ORGANISATIONAL
Page 29 and 30: suggested by the economic security
Page 31 and 32: of organisational behaviour and a n
Page 33 and 34: *We see organizations as societies
Page 35 and 36: Mullins, L. J. (2000). Management a
Page 37 and 38: The common features of a formal Org
Page 39 and 40: of inefficiency was prevalent in th
Page 41 and 42: •Discipline •Unity of Command
Page 43 and 44: 3. Explain clearly the different ty
Page 45 and 46: expectations that supervisor, thoug
Page 47 and 48: Many types of barriers which can oc
Page 49 and 50: who unable to leave. Such workers c
Page 51 and 52: without receiving benefits in retur
Page 53 and 54: It is however important to note (re
Page 55 and 56: processes that are not a response t
Page 57 and 58: UNIT 5: Content MANAGEMENT OF CHANG
Page 59 and 60: Technological Change: Everyone is k
Page 61 and 62: Sometimes changes are introduced wi
Page 63 and 64: iii. Even where change is socially
Page 65 and 66: 3.8 MANAGING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE A
Page 67 and 68: Mullins, L. J. (2000). Management a
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Page 71 and 72: influences other because they feel
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Page 75: 7.0 REFERENCES French, W. L. and Be
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Page 81 and 82: UNIT 8: Content PERCEPTION 1.0. Int
Page 83 and 84: interpretation of the world around
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Page 87 and 88: outstanding performance is attribut
Page 89 and 90: greatly influenced by their own cha
Page 91 and 92: elate to the social stimulus value
Page 93 and 94: Similarly individual are born into
Page 95 and 96: a) The Id is the unit that contains
Page 97 and 98: 5. Genital stage (13 years and abov
Page 99 and 100: 5.0 CONCLUSION We have in this sect
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Page 103 and 104: Besides, there are also other class
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Page 115 and 116: (v) Communication is also the neces
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Page 119 and 120: tone of voice, the choice of langua
Page 121 and 122: UNIT 12: MOTIVATION 1.0. Introducti
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Page 125 and 126: 3.2 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION There ar
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According to Maslow, needs are hier
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Safety Social Relatedness Esteem Se
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The first group of factors (the dis
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The question is however often asked
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A effects. In this unit our attenti
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Probability that effort will lead t
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satisfy their emotions and desires.
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The implication of attribution theo
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i. more workers are able to do vari
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influences that motivate people so
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Thirdly, it is almost certainly tru
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“Labour is good in its self. A ma
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8. The motivation of many employees
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In every organization, there exists
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decentralisation, with activities i
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Structure provides the framework fo
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According to Mullins (2000), clearl
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functions, departments or sections.
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M :- Marketing F :- Finance iv) Nat
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•the process of managing the acti
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functions undertaken increases. Peo
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Therefore, the matrix organisation
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A basic aim for the study of organi
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ii) Technology - the manner in whic
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Task - the nature of the work activ
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In a university, for example, the m
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The growth of information technolog
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Most organisational resources are l
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It may not always be possible for m
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•Influence of Technology on Organ
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Mitchell, T. R. (1987). People in O
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