HCM 433 MANGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR.pdf

5. Genital stage (13 years and above). The child gets over the crises relating to the drives
towards the parents having realized that it cannot be fulfilled. He/she therefore become realistic
and identifies with people of his/her age group of any sex. It is from here that the child enters into
adolescent stage at which he wants his presence anywhere, wants to assert himself and thinking
that he has all answers to his/her problems.
Freud argued that problems in later life may be related to prolonged stay or denial at any of the
stages. His ideas has been used to explain all sorts of abnormal behaviours such as perversion
(behaviours that deviate from normal standard); for example, Lesbianism, homosexualism, thumb
sulking, smoking etc.
It has been used to cure those undergoing mental illness (Psychotheraphy). Advertisers used Freud
concept as related to sexual aggression in the individual. They do this through adverts that have
sensuous appeals or sexual appeal.
3.3.2 Trait Theory of Personality
A trait is a single component of personality and the trait theory is anchored on the premise that a
combination of trait constitutes a personality type. A major figure in the trait school was
“Eysenck” who proposed a two dimensional theory of personality. He argued that many important
aspect of personalities could be understood through a combination of two dimensions namely:
1. Stable (normal) Vs unstable (abnormal)
2. Introverted Vs extroverted
1. At the stable (normal) end are those whose emotions are controlled and not easily aroused.
They are generally kind, reliable & easy tempered (have emotional stability). At the unstable
or abnormal end are those who are moody, touchy, anxious i.e. easily aroused.
2. The introvert tends to withdraw to himself in times of emotional distress or conflict. He is shy,
timid and prefers to work alone. The extrovert by contrast looses himself among people when
he is under stress. He tends to be sociable and social, and he may be involved in such
occupations as sales promotion and public relations job.
Eysenck argued that if we divide the two dimensions at the mid-point of distribution four
Personality types emerge namely:
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