Educational Research - the Ethics and Aesthetics of Statistics

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74 N. Grube 90 80 70 77 60 50 40 30 20 10 53 44 35 57 38 54 34 45 19 44 47 49 27 23 22 51 26 49 21 28 18 34 32 14 18 34 21 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 Good opinion WestGermans Good opinion EastGermans Fig. 5.5 ‘Do you have a good or bad opinion of the Federal Republic’s economic system?’ these norms, the data attest its rightness. If not, the minority part is interpreted as pars sanior and the pollsters aim to convince the seduced majority through propaganda and educational efforts. Even the mediatisation of polls is interwoven with medial, economic and political power. Nevertheless, with the creation of clear, almost dualistic ideological camps, pollsters aimed to level social diversity in favour of a coherent national body. The construction of a national narrative should enable intra- and international comparisons and competition that intensify the national narrative. The simplification and reduction of social complexity by charts and curves should serve to rationalise political decision-making processes. But in contrast to this ambition, pollsters themselves contribute to new hypes by writing and publishing alarming reports if unexpected outliers confuse the expected course of the chart. Little support for the government, little trust in democracy and/or social market economy motivate pollsters to exaggerate warnings about an incalculable future (Köcher, 2008a, 2008b). And it’s grotesque that these alarming warnings don’t question the pollsters’ abilities to make predictions. Furthermore, these alarmist reports contradict the Anspruch to rationalise the political decision-making process and the formation of opinion. Unfortunately, they get a lot of public attention because the audience shall take data and the pollsters’ promise to predict the future for granted. Notes 1. Allensbach Archives, IfD-Report ‘Die Stimmung im Bundesgebiet’, No. 1, November 1950. IfD-Report ‘Die Stimmung im Bundesgebiet’ No. 2: Anwachsen der Opposition. Die Entscheidung über die Wiederbewaffnung. November 1950. 2. Allensbach Archives, IfD-Report 2: Sonderumfrage Währungsreform I, 26.-30.6.1948. IfD- Report 3: Sonderumfrage Währungsreform II, 17.-22. Juli 1948. 3. Allensbach Archives, History of the Institute: Advertising leaflet of the institute, 1st July 1948.
5 Constructing Social Unity and Presenting Clear Predictions 75 4. Allensbach Archives, IfD-Report 205/II Die soziale Spannung. Poll Report in order of the Gesellschaft für Gemeinschaftswerbung. November 1952, p. 64. Compare IfD- Report 112/II Die Haarpflege. Schaumpon – Haarwasser – Öl und Fixativ. Die Markenwahl/Kaufgewohnheiten. Umfrage vom November 1950. IfD-Report 153/I Jugend zwischen Ost und West. Eine Umfrage unter ostdeutschen FDJ-Angehörigen in West- Berlin im Auftrag der Deutschen Korrespondenz. November 1951. IfD-Report 153/III ‘Was in Deutschland anders werden sollte’. IfD-Report 37: Ist Deutschland antisemitistisch. Ein diagnostischer Beitrag zur Innenpolitik. Herbst 1949. IfD-Report 22: Goethe 1949. Funkbearbeitung einer Massen-Umfrage in drei Teilen. Von Hans Georg Brenner, Erich Peter Neumann und Elisabeth Noelle im Auftrag des Nachtprogramms des NWDR. 5. Allensbach Archives, IfD-Report 37: Ist Deutschland antisemitisch. Ein diagnostischer Beitrag zur Innenpolitik. Herbst 1949. Allensbach Archives, Dep. History of the Institute: Letter of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann to Max Horkheimer, 7th July 1963. 6. Allensbach Archives, IfD-report 645: Studien zu Schulfragen, 1958, chart A11-A21. 7. Allensbach Archives, IfD-report 154/I: Das soziale Klima, S. 3. 8. Allensbach Archives NL EPN, Korrespondenz I, Exposé ‘Die Frage, welche Möglichkeiten für eine erfolgsversprechende Wahlkampagne’ (1953) bestehen, o.V. [Neumann], o.D. IfD-Report 552 Das Zentrum der Krise. März 1957, pp. 5, 8, 10. References ADM – Arbeitskreis Deutscher Markt- und Sozialforschungsinstitute. (2008). Annual report 2008 [online report]. Retrieved February 5, from, http://www.adm-ev.de/fileadmin/user_upload/ PDFS/Jahresbericht_08.pdf Bacherer, K. (1987). Geschichte, Organisation und Funktion von Infratest. Salzburg: Instituts für Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Bourdieu, P. (1997). Die verborgenen Mechanismen der Macht. (Schriften zu Politik & Kultur 1). Hamburg: VSA-Verlag. Converse, J. (2009). Survey research in the United States. Roots and emergence 1890–1960. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Dewey, J. (1927/1984). The public and its problems. In J. A. Boydston & B. A. Walsh (Eds.), John Dewey: The later works, 1925–1953 (Vol. 2: 1925–1927, pp. 235–374). Carbondale, Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. Dewey, J. (1939/1988). Freedom and culture. In J. A. Boydston & B. Levine (Eds.), John Dewey: The later works, 1925–1953. (Vol. 13: 1939, pp. 63–188). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Erhard, L. (1962). Fragen an die Meinungsforschung. Allensbach: Verlag für Demoskopie. Foucault, M. (2004a). Geschichte der Gouvernementalität. Vol. 1: Sicherheit, Territorium, Bevölkerung. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp Foucault, M. (2004b). Geschichte der Gouvernementalität. Vol. 2: Die Geburt der Biopolitik. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp. Frevert, U. (2005). Neue Politikgeschichte: Konzepte und Herausforderungen. In U. Frevert & H.-G. Haupt (Eds.), Neue Politikgeschichte. Perspektiven einer historischen Politikforschung (pp. 7–26). Frankfurt/Main: Campus. Gallup, G. H., & Rae, S. (1940). The pulse of democracy. The public opinion poll and how it works. New York: Simon & Schuster. Grube, N. (2007). Das Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach und die “Deutschen Lehrerbriefe” als Instrumente staatsbürgerlicher Erziehung? Ansprüche und Umsetzungen 1947 bis 1969. Jahrbuch für Historische Bildungsforschung, 13, 267–288. Habermas, J. (1990). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp. Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (1969). Dialektik der Aufklärung. Philosophische Fragmente. Neuausgabe, Frankfurt/Main: Fischer Verlag.
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Educational Research: The Ethics an
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Paul Smeyers · Marc Depaepe Editor
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Earlier Volumes in this Series Educ
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viii Contents 10 The Good, the Beau
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2 P. Smeyers and M. Depaepe their a
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4 P. Smeyers and M. Depaepe more fo
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6 P. Smeyers and M. Depaepe The cha
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8 P. Smeyers and M. Depaepe concern
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10 P. Smeyers and M. Depaepe appear
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Chapter 2 The Lure of Statistics fo
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2 The Lure of Statistics for Educat
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Page 52 and 53: 42 M. Depaepe Schneider, J. (2010).
Page 54 and 55: 44 J.J.H. Dekker (see Section 4.4).
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8 European Citizenship and Evidence
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8 European Citizenship and Evidence
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130 U. Stadler-Altmann and E. Keine
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150 J.P. Van Bendegem et al. This i
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152 J.P. Van Bendegem et al. A good
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156 J.P. Van Bendegem et al. statis
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158 J.P. Van Bendegem et al. 10.4 C
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160 J.P. Van Bendegem et al. Van Be
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162 P. Smeyers to be told. Moreover
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164 P. Smeyers us’. It goes witho
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166 P. Smeyers at the basis of the
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168 P. Smeyers indeterminism, as we
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170 P. Smeyers are steps (a plan as
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172 P. Smeyers to the simple fact t
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174 P. Smeyers 6. The role of the a
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176 P. Smeyers conditions. It is in
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178 I. Munday etc. on a PowerPoint
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180 I. Munday To show how Derrida p
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182 I. Munday might talk of 20 bags
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184 I. Munday is unclear whether th
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186 I. Munday in numerals. This mig
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188 I. Munday We might also note th
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190 R. Smith ‘Statisticism’, on
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192 R. Smith identify, and twice in
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194 R. Smith of the final sentence
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196 R. Smith between admitting that
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198 R. Smith 7 www.equalitytrust.or
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200 R. Smith It is an interesting q
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202 R. Smith self-esteem, happiness
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204 R. Smith Reeves, R. (2009, Apri
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206 P. Standish Some students’ no
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210 P. Standish Rice $1.73 1 / 2 Mo
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212 P. Standish research none of us
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214 P. Standish of the products but
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216 About the Authors co-editor-in-
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218 About the Authors voor Wetensch
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220 Author Index Elkins, G. R., 190
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222 Author Index Silverman, J. G.,
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224 Subject Index I Inequality, 29-
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