learning-styles

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Appendix 1 List of learning-styles instruments and theories (models chosen for study in bold type) Author(s) Allinson and Hayes Measure Cognitive Style Index (CSI) Key terms/descriptors intuitive/analytic Date introduced 1996 Apter Motivational Style Profile (MSP) telic/paratelic – negativism/conformity – autic mastery/autic sympathy – alloic mastery/alloic sympathy – arousal avoidance/arousal seeking – optimism/pessimism – arousability – effortfulness 1998 Bartlett sensory modality preferences 1932 Betts Betts Inventory imagery 1909 Biggs Study Process Questionnaire surface/deep achieving 1987 Broverman automatisation – restructuring 1960 Cacioppo and Petty Need for Cognition Scale related to field dependence/independence – articulative/global 1982 Canfield Canfield Learning Style Inventory (CLSI) conditions – content – modes – expectancy 1980 Christensen Lifescripts (social context but relevant to cognition) analyser – controller – supporter – promoter 1980 Conti and Kolody Self-Knowledge Inventory of Lifelong Learning Skills (SKILLS) metacognition – metamotivation – memory – critical thinking – resource management 1990 Cooper Learning Styles ID visual/verbal – holist/analyst, environmental preference 1997 Curry ‘Onion’ model instructional preference – information processing style – cognitive personal style 1983 Das simultaneous/successive processing and planning 1988 Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) Learning Styles Inventory (LSI) Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) Building Excellence Survey (BES) environmental – emotional – sociological – physiological processing 1979 1975 1979 2003 Entwistle Approaches to Study Inventory (ASI) Revised Approaches to Study Inventory (RASI) Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) meaning orientation – reproducing orientation – achieving orientation – non-academic orientation – self-confidence deep approach – surface approach – strategic approach – lack of direction – academic self-confidence – metacognitive awareness 1979 1995 2000 Epstein and Meier Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI) emotional coping – behavioural coping – personal superstitious thinking – categorical thinking – esoteric thinking – naïve optimism – global constructive thinking 1989 Felder and Silverman Index of Learning Styles (ILS) active/reflective – sensing/intuitive – visual/verbal – sequential/global 1996 Friedman and Stritter Instructional Preference Questionnaire 1976 Galbraith and James perceptual ability 1984 Gardner et al. tolerant/intolerant 1959 Gordon Scale of Imagery Control imagery 1949
LSRC reference page 166/167 Author(s) Grasha-Riechmann Measure Student Learning Style Scales (SLSS) Key terms/descriptors competitive/collaborative – independent/dependent – participant/avoidant Date introduced 1974 Gregorc Gregorc Mind Styles Delineator (MSD) concrete sequential/abstract random – abstract sequential/concrete random 1977 Groner Cognitive Style Scale heuristic/algorithmic 1990 Guilford convergent/divergent thinking 1950 Harrison-Branson Revised Inquiry Mode Questionnaire synthesist – idealist – pragmatist – analyst – realist 1998 Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) theorist/humanitarian – organiser/innovator 1995 Hermanussen, Wierstra, de Jong and Thijssen Questionnaire Practice-oriented Learning (QPL) immersion – reflection – conceptualisation – experimentation – regulation 2000 Hill Cognitive Style Profile symbol processing – modalities of inference – cultural determinants 1976 Holzman and Klein Schematising Test leveller/sharpener 1954 Honey and Mumford Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) activist/reflector – theorist/pragmatist 1982 Hudson (following Guilford) diverging/converging 1966 Hunt Paragraph Completion Method need for structure: conforming – dependent 1978 Jackson Learning Styles Profiler (LSP) initiator – analyst – reasoner – implementer 2002 Kagan Matching Familiar Figures Test impulsivity/reflexivity – focus/scan 1965 1967 Kaufmann The A-E Inventory assimilator/explorer 1989 Keefe and Monke (NASSP) NASSP Learning Style Profile (explicit attempt at meta-taxonomy) physiological – environmental – cognitive – affective domains plus information processing 1986 Kirby et al. Multidimensional verbal-visual LSQ verbal/visual 1988 Kirton Kirton Adaption-Innovation inventory (KAI) adaptor/innovator 1989 Kogan Sorting styles into types 3 types of style: maximal performance (ability) measures value directionality (advantageous) styles value-differentiated measures 1973 Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) Revised Learning Style Inventory (R-LSI) LSI Version 3 accommodating – diverging – converging – assimilating styles 1976 1985 1999 Letteri Cognitive Style Delineators analytic/global 1980 Marks Marks Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire imagery 1973 Marton and Säljö deep/surface processing 1976
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LSRC reference Learning styles and
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LSRC reference Learning styles and
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LSRC reference Contents 1 9 13 37 4
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LSRC reference Figures and tables L
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LSRC reference Acknowledgements The
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Section 1 A systematic review of le
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Figure 3 Vermunt’s model of learn
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We devised this classificatory syst
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The popular appeal of the notion th
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Figure 5 Gregorc’s four-channel l
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From the evidence available, we con
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Table 1 Gregorc’s Mind Styles Mod
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Table 2 Variables and factors in th
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The measures Over 25 years, Dunn an
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Table 4 Percentages of respondents
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The BES instrument has elements for
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Shwery (1994) also questioned aspec
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However, the notion of ‘gifted’
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Second, the model encourages teache
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Table 6 Dunn and Dunn’s model and
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The most influential member of the
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Table 9 Studies of the interaction
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Riding and Rayner (1998) do not def
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Implications for pedagogy Riding (2
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Section 5 Stable personality type L
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Section 6 Flexibly stable learning
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Section 7 Learning approaches and s
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