A User Centric Security Model for Tamper-Resistant Devices

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2.3 Candidates for User Centric Tamper-Resistant Device per resistance is not the complete picture when we discuss the UCTD and other measures related to application and platform design are also required to complement the hardware level protection [67]. The rationale for emphasising the user ownership of the UCTD is: a) to enable an open, dynamic, and ubiquitous system, b) individual developers (application providers) do not need to convince the scheme managers (as is required, for example, in the ICOM- or TSMbased models for smart cards [32, 68]) to gain permission to install their applications onto a UCTD, c) UCTD users (owners) will get the choice to install or delete an application, and nally d) to facilitate the interoperability and scalability of the UCTD framework (i.e. users can use their UCTDs in conjunction with any of their devices like mobile phones, tablets, and computers, etc.). Finally, why not just use TPM? After all it is already in the user's control, the TPM specications [18] require tamper-resistance and the TPM acts as a root-of-trust in handheld and traditional computing devices. The rationale behind not choosing the TPM is: a) the TPM is designed to support the trusted computing platform initiative [18] that is focused on the integrity of the platform, rather than on an execution platform on which a general application code can execute, b) the design of the TPM is specic to a particular platform as there are two dierent specications for traditional computers and mobile phones: TPM [18] and MTM [19] respectively, c) the basic functionalities of a TPM are protected capabilities, integrity measurement and reporting; it does not make decisions but merely reports the integrity measurements to the requesting entity, and nally d) TPM is required to be bound to the relevant platform. Below is the list of requirements for the UCTD architecture that we use to compare dierent candidate technologies in table 2.1. 1. Execution protection: Dened commands related to security and privacy sensitive processing are executed in a secure and reliable environment. 2. Storage protection (Volatile): The device has a secure volatile memory on the chip to store temporary data and code related to the executing application. 3. Storage protection (Non-Volatile): The device provides non-volatile storage on the chip. 4. Tamper-resistant: The device provides tamper-resistant protection that is based on hardware techniques. 5. Tamper-evident: The device has the capability to detect potential tampering with the hardware and respond in a pre-dened manner. 40
2.3 Candidates for User Centric Tamper-Resistant Device Table 2.1: Comparison of dierent candidate devices for the UCTD proposal Criteria TPM AEGIS ARM TrustZone M-Shield TEE TPD Smart Card 1. Execution protection Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2. Storage protection (Volatile) -Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3. Storage protection (Non-Volatile) -Yes -Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4. Tamper-resistant Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 5. Tamper-evident Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 6. Scalability Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 7. Interoperable architecture No NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 8. Dynamic relation Yes NA NA No No No Yes 9. User ownership Yes NA NA NA No No Yes 10. Administrative architecture Yes NA Yes* Yes* No No Yes 11. Open design -Yes -Yes No No -Yes -Yes Yes 12. Secure execution platform No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 13. Independent security evaluation Yes No No No No -Yes Yes Note. In the above table, Yes indicates that that the device completely supports the criterion, -Yes means that the device generally supports the criterion but there are instances where it does not (e.g. in the case of criterion 16, (U)SIM are not required to be independently evaluated whereas in the case of EMV cards it is mandatory), Yes* means that the device can support the criterion with adequate design. The notation No means not supported, and NA means that the given criterion is not applicable as it is not the design requirement of the device. 41
Page 1 and 2: A User Centric Security Model for T
Page 3 and 4: Declaration These doctoral studies
Page 5 and 6: R. N. Akram, K. Markantonakis, and
Page 7 and 8: Abstract In this thesis we propose
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS 3.4.1 Supplier . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS 7 Application Sharing Mech
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS C.4 Secure and Trusted Cha
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF FIGURES 8.6 Control ow diag
Page 17 and 18: List of Abbreviations AAC Applicati
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 Setting the Scene 1.1 Setting t
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 A Brief History of Smart Cards
Page 23 and 24: 1.3 Motivation and Challenges Over
Page 25 and 26: 1.3 Motivation and Challenges compu
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Contributions the UCTD manufact
Page 29 and 30: 1.5 Structure of the Thesis traditi
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 User Centric Tamper-Resis
Page 33 and 34: 2.2 Rationale for a User Centric Ta
Page 35 and 36: 2.2 Rationale for a User Centric Ta
Page 37 and 38: 2.3 Candidates for User Centric Tam
Page 39: 2.3 Candidates for User Centric Tam
Page 43 and 44: Businesses Governments Privacy Pres
Page 45 and 46: 2.4 The User Centric Tamper-Resista
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 Case Studies an enrolment proce
Page 49 and 50: 2.5 Case Studies issued the applica
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3 Smart Card Ownership Mode
Page 53 and 54: 3.2 Issuer Centric Smart Card Owner
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Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Frameworks for the ICOM which i
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Page 77 and 78: Service Provider 3.6 Coopetitive Ar
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 User Centric Smart Card A
Page 81 and 82: 4.2 Platform Architecture Platform
Page 83 and 84: 4.2 Platform Architecture manager c
Page 85 and 86: 4.3 Trusted Environment & Execution
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4.4 Security Assurance and Validati
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4.5 Attestation Mechanisms 4.5 Atte
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4.5 Attestation Mechanisms rational
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4.5 Attestation Mechanisms otherwis
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4.6 Device Ownership 4.6.2 User Own
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4.7 Attestation Protocol can succes
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4.7 Attestation Protocol an adversa
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4.7 Attestation Protocol SC i ′ a
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4.8 Protocol Analysis CasperFDR app
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4.9 Summary whereas the online atte
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5.1 Introduction 5.1 Introduction E
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5.2 GlobalPlatform Card Management
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5.3 Multos Card Management Framewor
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5.4 Proposed Smart Card Management
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5.4 Proposed Smart Card Management
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5.5 Card Management-Related Issues
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Chapter 6 Secure and Trusted Channe
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6.2 Secure Channel Protocols 6.2 Se
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6.2 Secure Channel Protocols smart
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6.2 Secure Channel Protocols SOG-16
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6.2 Secure Channel Protocols Notati
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6.3 Secure and Trusted Channel Prot
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6.4 Secure and Trusted Channel Prot
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6.5 Application Acquisition and Con
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6.6 Analysis of the Proposed Protoc
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6.7 Summary For the STCP ACA , we n
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Chapter 7 Application Sharing Mecha
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7.2 Application Sharing Mechanism 7
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7.2 Application Sharing Mechanism I
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7.2 Application Sharing Mechanism a
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7.3 UCTD Firewall utilises CDAM to
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7.3 UCTD Firewall application. Ther
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7.3 UCTD Firewall 7.3.6 Cross-Devic
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7.3 UCTD Firewall and asynchronous
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7.3 UCTD Firewall Table 7.2: Protoc
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7.4 Application Binding Protocol L
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7.5 Platform Binding Protocol The r
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7.6 Application Binding Protocol D
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Chapter 8 Smart Card Runtime Enviro
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8.2 Smart Card Runtime Environment
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8.3 Runtime Protection Mechanism In
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8.3 Runtime Protection Mechanism it
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8.3 Runtime Protection Mechanism er
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8.3 Runtime Protection Mechanism id
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8.3 Runtime Protection Mechanism Th
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8.4 Analysis of the Runtime Protect
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8.4 Analysis of the Runtime Protect
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8.5 Summary representation; the abs
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Chapter 9 Backup, Migration, and De
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9.2 Backup and Migration Framework
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9.2 Backup and Migration Framework
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9.3 Application Deletion tion of th
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9.3 Application Deletion The deleti
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9.3 Application Deletion authorises
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9.5 Summary 9.5 Summary In this cha
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10.1 Summary and Conclusions 10.1 S
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10.1 Summary and Conclusions giving
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10.2 Recommendations for Future Wor
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Appendix A Description of Protocols
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A.3 Aziz-Die (AD) Protocol on the p
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A.5 Just-Fast-Keying (JFK) Protocol
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A.8 Markantonakis-Mayes (MM) Protoc
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A.9 Sirett-Mayes-Markantonakis (SM)
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B.1 Brief Introduction to the Caspe
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B.3 Secure and Trusted Channel Prot
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B.4 Secure and Trusted Channel Prot
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B.6 Application Binding Protocol L
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B.7 Platform Binding Protocol B.7 P
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B.8 Application Binding Protocol D
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C.1 Oine Attestation Mechanism C.1
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C.1 Oine Attestation Mechanism 93 (
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C.1 Oine Attestation Mechanism 194
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C.1 Oine Attestation Mechanism 47 (
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C.1 Oine Attestation Mechanism 148
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C.2 Online Attestation Mechanism C.
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C.2 Online Attestation Mechanism 10
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 15 import
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 112 f a l
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 214 } 215
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 312 inLeng
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 410 this .
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 7 import j
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 107 this .
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 204 ( this
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C.3 Attestation Protocol 302 } 303
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C.4 Secure and Trusted Channel Prot
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C.6 Application Acquisition and Con
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 119 p
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 323 c
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 424 +
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 524 S
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 47 (
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 350 +
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 451 p
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C.9 Platform Binding Protocol 552 r
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C.10 Abstract Virtual Machine 42 "
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C.11 Implementation Helper Classes
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BIBLIOGRAPHY August 2009, pp. 2035.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Available: http://www.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Institute of Technolog
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ing, vol. 2, pp. 42342
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [208] T. S. Messerges,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Science, P. Samarati,
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A User Centric Security Model for Tamper-Resistant Devices

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