RD&D-Programme 2004 - SKB

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19.2.22 Gas formation/dissolution 267 19.2.23 Methane ice formation 268 19.2.24 Salt exclusion 268 19.2.25 Integrated modelling – hydrogeochemical evolution 268 19.2.26 Integrated modelling – radionuclide transport 270 20 Biosphere 273 20.1 State of the biosphere 273 20.2 Review of RD&D 2001 274 20.3 Understanding and conceptual models 275 20.4 Model development 276 20.5 Transport processes 278 20.6 Terrestrial ecosystems 280 20.7 Aquatic ecosystems 283 20.8 Long-term variations in climate, land uplift and salinity 284 20.9 International work and dissemination of information 286 20.10 Safety assessment 287 20.11 Supportive research for site investigation programme 289 21 Climate 291 21.1 Glacial domain 294 21.2 Permafrost domain 298 21.3 Temperate/boreal domain 299 22 Social science research 301 23 Alternative methods 307 23.1 Partitioning and transmutation (P&T) 307 23.2 Disposal in Very Deep Holes 319 Part IV Low- and intermediate-level waste 24 Decommissioning 323 24.1 Planning 323 24.2 Technology for dismantling 324 24.3 Waste from decommissioning 325 24.4 Programme 326 25 Low- and intermediate-level waste 327 25.1 Components of the LILW system 327 25.2 Short-lived LILW 328 25.2.1 Repository for short-lived LILW 329 25.2.2 Safety evaluation 329 25.3 Long-lived low- and intermediate-level waste 329 25.3.1 Final repository for other long-lived waste 330 25.3.2 Safety assessment 331 25.4 Research 331 25.5 Programme for low- and intermediate-level waste 334 References 337 Appendix A SKB’s master plan 359 Appendix B Abbreviations 407 RD&D-Programme 2004 15
Part I SKB’s programme and plan of action 1 The nuclear waste system 2 Plan of action 3 RD&D-programme
Page 1 and 2: Technical Report TR-04-21 RD&D-Prog
Page 3 and 4: Preface SKB, Svensk Kärnbränsleha
Page 5 and 6: welding and nondestructive testing
Page 7 and 8: Alternative methods. SKB is followi
Page 9 and 10: 5.5 Nondestructive testing of canis
Page 11 and 12: 15 Fuel 163 15.1 Initial state in f
Page 13: 18.1.10 Swelling pressure 229 18.1.
Page 17 and 18: Nuclear power plant Clab m/s Sigyn
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1-2. The Äspö HRL consists
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1-4. Interior from the Canis
Page 23 and 24: Siting SKB’s main alternative is
Page 25 and 26: Transport tunnel KBS-3V Deposition
Page 27 and 28: 2.1 Nuclear fuel programme In Swede
Page 29 and 30: Encapsulation plant 2003 2004 2005
Page 31 and 32: 2.2 LILW programme Parts of the sys
Page 33 and 34: environment. The barriers can also
Page 35 and 36: this cooperation entails that the o
Page 37 and 38: 4 Overview - technology development
Page 39 and 40: 4.7 Design of the deep repository T
Page 41 and 42: Diameter 1,050 Diameter 949 Diamete
Page 43 and 44: Conclusions in RD&D 2001 and its re
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5-3. Graphite shapes in cast
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5-5. Positions for test bars
Page 49 and 50: Programme The development project c
Page 51 and 52: Programme Trial fabrication of all
Page 53 and 54: The technology and procedures for c
Page 55 and 56: A method and equipment based on las
Page 57 and 58: Spacer plate Defect A Defect B Chan
Page 59 and 60: Newfound knowledge since RD&D 2001
Page 61 and 62: 2004 2005 Process model welding met
Page 63 and 64: Conclusions in RD&D 2001 and its re
Page 65 and 66:
6.2.2 The welding process In parall
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 6-9. Lid weld L028. Section
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Tensile test bars have been taken o
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Conclusions in RD&D 2001 and its re
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6.3.3 The welding process The param
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A limitation in the evaluation of t
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Nondestructive testing methods such
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a b Through-transmission Reflection
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simulation program, and the body of
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SKB has devised a quality system fo
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Newfound knowledge since RD&D 2001
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8 Canister - encapsulation The desi
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Figure 8-2. Work stations in the en
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The filled canister transport casks
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Stages encapsulation plant 2003 200
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Figure 8-4. Possible location of a
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9 Transportation of encapsulated fu
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9.3 SKB’s transportation system -
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absorbs neutron radiation. The lid
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Applicable international and Swedis
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een specified yet. Since the size o
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• Methods exist for full-face dri
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Programme SKB keeps track of curren
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Judgement with regard to long-term
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Furthermore, it must not have an ad
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Studies of equipment will be conduc
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A third type of seal is intended to
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10.6.1 Requirements and premises In
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the long-term safety of the concept
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
11.3 Execution - stepwise design Si
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Programme Design step D, which incl
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12 Deep repository - monitoring SKB
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• Trigger levels for action. •
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Part III Safety assessment and rese
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As a complement to the numerical mo
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Table 13-2. Research on the initial
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13.2.4 Backfill Together with Posiv
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Table 13-3. Projects and experiment
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spent nuclear fuel. It was neverthe
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concepts or whose descriptions requ
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14.2.2 Radionuclide transport and d
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At present, the computational time
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Inflow Nuclides in a soluble phase
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15.1.2 Geometry The deep repository
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7 6 BWR 55 MWd/tU PWR 42 MWd/tU PWR
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15.1.11 Gas composition Conclusions
Page 161 and 162:
15.2.5 Heat transport Dealt with in
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simulating the repository environme
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238 U 237 Np 239 Pu Concentration,
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The catalytic effect of uranium dio
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oxidant consumption in the bulk sol
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The influence of hydrogen peroxide
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A research programme to study cast
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
16.2.3 Heat transport No new knowle
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Programme The ongoing experiments w
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Page 183 and 184:
Programme Short-term tests aimed at
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Swelling properties The buffer must
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
have been performed for some ten co
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17.1.13 Impurity levels Bentonite i
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out when the buffer swells, but our
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These processes have been studied i
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
• The gas injection phase will be
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
19 9 D=205 d=175 D=172 d=170 D=168
Page 207 and 208:
• Tests of the wetting process cl
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 17-4. Natural redox front in
Page 213 and 214:
These phenomena have been studied b
Page 215 and 216:
17.2.24 Radionuclide transport - ad
Page 217 and 218:
Programme SKB does not consider sor
Page 219 and 220:
18.1.6 Smectite content SKB, togeth
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Programme See section 18.2.2. 18.1.
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The wetting of the backfill from th
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
ackfill must have a compression mod
Page 229 and 230:
Programme See section 17.2.17. 18.2
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18.2.23 Radionuclide transport - so
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10 -5 I-129 Release rate (moles/yea
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and the rock matrix, is also crucia
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A thermal model will be constructed
Page 239 and 240:
In a continuation of the super-regi
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A thorough overview has been done o
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The authorities are of the opinion
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Page 247 and 248:
19.2.11 Advection/mixing - groundwa
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a so-called Markov-directed Random
Page 251 and 252:
Diffusion measurements in the labor
Page 253 and 254:
Uranium series analyses from clay-
Page 255 and 256:
19.2.18 Microbial processes Conclus
Page 257 and 258:
19.2.20 Colloid formation - colloid
Page 259 and 260:
19.2.23 Methane ice formation Concl
Page 261 and 262:
19.2.26 Integrated modelling - radi
Page 263 and 264:
development that has taken place ha
Page 265 and 266:
20.2 Review of RD&D 2001 Following
Page 267 and 268:
work will continue, particularly in
Page 269 and 270:
2 In Sea (mol) 3 Water Sea (mol/m 3
Page 271 and 272:
The above work will be pursued in c
Page 273 and 274:
certain substances, such as uranium
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In connection with the Safe project
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20.9 International work and dissemi
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the underlying material are current
Page 281 and 282:
These reports describe dominant fun
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Glacial Permafrost Permafrost Borea
Page 285 and 286:
Shoreline displacement has an isost
Page 287 and 288:
The hydromechanical modellings that
Page 289 and 290:
model that includes these factors a
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The salinity of the sea, inland sea
Page 293 and 294:
• Public opinion and attitudes -
Page 295 and 296:
Socioeconomic impact • Local deve
Page 297 and 298:
Previously existing material is bei
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• The driving forces behind the d
Page 301 and 302:
• Very effective methods for tran
Page 303 and 304:
• A subcritical nuclear reactor w
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out in Cadarache, France. Hindas an
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Important results since 2001 includ
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Programme The goal of SKB’s resea
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Kasam says that disposal in Very De
Page 313 and 314:
24 Decommissioning The facilities c
Page 315 and 316:
SKB is responsible for management a
Page 317 and 318:
25 Low- and intermediate-level wast
Page 319 and 320:
25.2.1 Repository for short-lived L
Page 321 and 322:
Programme Work on the design of the
Page 323 and 324:
observation is that isosaccharinic
Page 325 and 326:
stored so that the material can be
Page 327 and 328:
6-4 Claesson S, 2004. Elektronstrå
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Chapter 14 14-1 SKB, 2004. Interim
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15-42 Ekeroth E, Jonsson M, 2003. O
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17-19 Le Bell J C, 1978. Colloid ch
Page 335 and 336:
19-29 Hudson J (ed), 2002. Strategy
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19-77 Bath A, Milodowski A, Ruotsal
Page 339 and 340:
20-19 Kautsky U (ed), 2001. The bio
Page 341 and 342:
20-73 Blomqvist P, Jansson P-E, Esp
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20-119 Berggren J, Kyläkorpi L, 20
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23-10 NEA, 2002. Accelerator-driven
Page 347 and 348:
SKB’s master plan Appendix A
Page 349 and 350:
A1 Introduction A1.1 Background The
Page 351 and 352:
generations unnecessarily. Another
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Encapsulation plant 2003 2004 2005
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facilitated by the fact that the re
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A2.3 System design A2.3.1 Fundament
Page 359 and 360:
The system analyses will be largely
Page 361 and 362:
Two safety reports will therefore b
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KBS-3H Basic Design Detailed engine
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Time horizon 2017 The current phase
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Phase
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In the subsequent phase, verificati
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The canister development work will
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Deep repository Year 2003 2004 2005
Page 375 and 376:
A4.2 Site investigations Site inves
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Already in the feasibility study, l
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In step D2, the facility descriptio
Page 381 and 382:
Table 4. Current situation and prel
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Desig
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Table 5. Continued. Technology issu
Page 387 and 388:
A4.6.1 Siting factors Before priori
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A possible alternative scenario is
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of the NPPs starts, however, long-l
Page 393 and 394:
Between now and 2008, an organizati
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Appendix B Abbreviations Abaqus ACL
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GIA Gis Goldsim Hindas HMC HPF HRL
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PMMA POD Posiva Prism Proper Protot
Page 401:
ISSN 1404-0344 CM Digitaltryck AB,
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