RD&D-Programme 2004 - SKB

2
In Sea (mol)
3
Water Sea (mol/m 3 )
1
In Bay (mol)
Concentration (mol/kg) 2
Water Bay (mol/m
In
Sea
3 )
Sedimentation
Water Bay
(1)
Conclusion
Concentration (mol/kg)
Resuspension
Burial
Sediments Bay
(2)
In
Concentration (mol/m 3 )
Bay
In
Out
Sedimentation
Water Sea
(4)
In
Out
Concentration
(mol/kg)
Resuspension
Sediments Sea
(5)
Conclusion
1
Out (mol)
In
Concentration
(mol/m 3 )
Conclusion
Deep Sediments Bay
(3)
Figure 20-1. Coast model from SR 97 constructed in Tensit. The graphic environment for
constructing the model is similar to a conceptual formalization of the most important processes
and state variables /20-30/.
20.5 Transport processes
The transport processes determine which ecosystems and organisms will be exposed to radionuclides
and how great the dilution will be. Much of this is handled with current models, under
the provision that the radionuclides are dissolved in water.
A certain fraction of the radionuclides in the environment will be bound to particles, humus
complexes and organisms. The transport of radionuclides in the biosphere is therefore dependent
to a great extent on particle transport. Particle transport can be passive, as in the case of
sedimentation and resuspension, or active, as in the case of transport via swimming organisms,
food ingestion, trade, etc.
Conclusions in RD&D 2001 and its review
It was described in RD&D 2001 that the water exchange models for coastal waters were
improved in the Safe project /20-31, 20-32/, and that there is a model that covers the entire
Baltic Sea and provides boundary conditions for the local coastal models /20-31/.
In RD&D 2001 it is pointed out that the surface hydrology is important for understanding what
transport pathways and dispersal and dilution processes affect contaminated water after it has
left the rock. Several comments from the regulatory authorities have wished for deeper studies.
In its review, for example, SSI said that in preparation for the safety assessments accompanying
the permit applications, SKB should develop its analysis of radionuclide transport in the
transition between geosphere and biosphere. Kasam wished to see a deeper understanding
of the hydrological relationships between a deep repository and different ecosystems.
See also section 20.2.
278 RD&D-Programme 2004