Caspian Report - Issue: 08 - Fall 2014

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THE EU AGREEMENT ON THE 2030 FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY NICOLO ROSSETTO NICOLO ROSSETTO RESEARCHER, THE INSTITUTE FOR HIGH STUDIES OF PAVIA 128
At its last meeting on October 23 rd , the European Council finally agreed on a common framework on climate and energy policy for the period 2020 to 2030. At its last meeting on October 23 rd , the European Council finally agreed on a common framework on climate and energy policy for the period 2020 to 2030. The Heads of State and Government of the 28 member states of the EU decided after long negotiations that by 2030 the EU must reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40% with reference to the 1990 baseline. More precisely, economic sectors covered by the European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), i.e. power plants, smelters, paper factories and the like, must reduce their emissions by 43%, while non-ETS sectors (buildings, transportation, small enterprises, etc.) must globally decrease their GHG emissions by 30%. Other three targets are part of the climate and energy deal struck in Brussels. The first concerns renewable sources of energy which must represent at least 27% of the European gross final energy consumption; however, this binding goal must be reached at the European level and does not involve any specific enforceable target for individual member states. The second target is merely indicative and is about energy efficiency: by 2030 the EU must reduced its total energy consumption by at least 27% with reference to the consumption level foreseen by the business as usual scenario computed in 2007. Finally, by 2030 any EU member states must be well interconnected with the energy grids of its neighbours; more specifically, any state must have interconnections with the electric networks of it neighbours equal, at least, to a 15% of its own generation capacity; the European Commission (EC) will report on the issue and try to fully exploit any financial resource available for the completion of already selected projects of common interest. The agreement reached in Brussels confirms the commitment of the EU to fight against climate change and lead on-going international negotiations that are supposed to achieve a meaningful conclusion at the UN Conference in Paris next year. Indeed, a couple of weeks after the European Council agreed on the 2030 policy framework, America and China followed suit, unveiling a framework agreement on GHG emissions, according to which America will reduce emissions by 26-28% by 2025 (the baseline year adopted here is 2005), while China will augment the use of low carbon energy sources and stop the increase of its 129 CASPIAN REPORT, FALL <strong>2014</strong>
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CASPIAN PUBLISHED BY CASPIAN STRATE
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Dear Readers, CASPIAN REPORT 2 It i
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CASPIAN CASPIAN REPORT 4 06 FATIH M
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 6 THE U.S.
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 8 shale rev
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 10 in the 1
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 12 SINCE TH
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 14 these tw
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 16 LNG’s
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FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 18 kets, pa
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MANFRED HAFNER 20 THE SOUTHERN GAS
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MANFRED HAFNER 22 THE DOCUMENT RECO
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MANFRED HAFNER 24 Notwithstanding t
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MANFRED HAFNER 26 TANAP, A PROJECTE
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MANFRED HAFNER 28 by the Shah Deniz
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MANFRED HAFNER 30 Snam Rete Gas has
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MANFRED HAFNER 32 THE ESTABLISHMENT
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MATTEO VERDA 34 LNG MARKET: TRENDS
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MATTEO VERDA 36 traditionally accou
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MATTEO VERDA 38 bcm), Brunei (9 bcm
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MATTEO VERDA 40 for transport vesse
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MATTEO VERDA 42 of the global LNG m
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MUBARIZ HASANOV 44 AN OVERVIEW OF E
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MUBARIZ HASANOV 46 Figure 1. Primar
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MUBARIZ HASANOV 48 Figure 4. Real c
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Figure 7. Price of transport fuels
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Figure 10. Electricity generation i
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Figure 13. Breakdown of electricity
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THE SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR - WINDOW
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NINO KALANDADZE 58 become comprise
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NINO KALANDADZE 60 This picture mak
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NINO KALANDADZE 62 Security policy.
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NINO KALANDADZE 64 There are benefi
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NINO KALANDADZE 66 tion of Crimea b
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RADU DUDAU 68 THE UKRAINE CRISIS: L
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RADU DUDAU 70 RUSSIA HAS FREQUENTLY
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RADU DUDAU 72 Russia, which depends
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RADU DUDAU 74 WHAT INTERNATIONAL LA
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RADU DUDAU 76 THE NEAR FUTURE WILL
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Page 84 and 85: Black Sea Serpents’ Island. RADU
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Page 90 and 91: WHY RUSSIA SIGNED A MAJOR GAS CONTR
Page 92 and 93: MESUT HAKKI CASIN 90 I will focus o
Page 94 and 95: Russian President Vladimir Putin sh
Page 96 and 97: Figure II: Russian energy infrastru
Page 98 and 99: Kazakhstan President Nursultan Naza
Page 100 and 101: MESUT HAKKI CASIN 98 economic devel
Page 102 and 103: Figure IV: China’s gas import sou
Page 104 and 105: THANOS DOKOS, THEODORE TSAKIRIS 102
Page 116 and 117: ARZU YORKAN 114 TURKEY’S RENEWABL
Page 118 and 119: ARZU YORKAN 116 is 12 th in the wor
Page 120 and 121: Figure 4: Solar Energy Potential At
Page 122 and 123: ARZU YORKAN 120 Figure 8: The share
Page 124 and 125: ARZU YORKAN 122 THE STRATEGY PAPER
Page 126 and 127: ARZU YORKAN 124 TURKEY HAS NOT YET
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Page 132 and 133: EU Commission President Jean Claude
Page 134 and 135: ROMAN RUKOMEDA 132 THE PHANTOM OF R
Page 136 and 137: Russia’s gas giant Gazprom CEO, A
Page 138: CASPIAN CALL FOR PAPERS 136 Caspian
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Caspian Report - Issue: 08 - Fall 2014

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