Caspian Report - Issue: 08 - Fall 2014

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MANFRED HAFNER 20 THE SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR AND THE EU GAS SECURITY OF SUPPLY: WHAT’S NEXT MANFRED HAFNER JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SAIS-EUROPE AND SCIENCES-PO PARIS SIMONE TAGLIAPIETRA
Because of the decreasing trend of the EU domestic gas production, the EU gas import requirements have increased rapidly over the last decade. THE GENESIS OF THE SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR Gas is an essential component of the energy mix of the European Union (EU), constituting one quarter of primary energy supply and contributing mainly to electricity generation, heating, feedstock for industry and fuel for transportation. Because of the decreasing trend of the EU domestic gas production (particularly due the United Kingdom), the EU gas import requirements have increased rapidly over the last decade, leading to higher levels of import dependence and ultimately outlying the need to address the issue of security of gas supply at the EU level. This need unexpectedly became tangible in January 2006, when after a long-lasting disagreement on gas prices, Russia cut off supplies to Ukraine for 3 days, Ukraine diverted volumes destined to Europe, and as a consequence gas supply to some Central European countries fell briefly. 1 As a response to the energy security concerns emerged after this Russian-Ukrainian-European gas crisis, the European Commission (EC) launched in 2008 a double strategy, aimed at enhancing the EU gas security of supply architecture. On the one hand, the EC targeted to enhance the EU internal energy market in order to foster gas flows between EU Member States. On the other hand, it aimed at enhancing gas sources diversification, including building LNG receiving terminals in Central and South-East Europe and pursuing the 4 th corridor (generally known as Southern Gas Corridor) in order to bring gas from Caspian and Middle Eastern producing countries to the EU. The implementation of this strategy -and particularly of the Southern Gas Corridor- was accelerated after another major natural gas crisis between Russia and Ukraine occurred in January 2009. In fact, this crisis resulted to be even worse than the previous one, as the transit of Russian gas through Ukraine was completely cut for two weeks, which resulted in 21 CASPIAN REPORT, FALL 2014 1. As Pirani, Stern and Yafimava underline natural gas conflicts between Russia and Ukraine go back to the immediate aftermath of the independence of the two countries. Regular transit conflicts emerged as transit usually became a part of the price dispute on the Russian gas price for the Ukrainian domestic market. In fact, no separation between the transit gas network and the domestic gas network exists in Ukraine and Ukrainian customers usually served themselves from the transit volumes which Russia called theft of gas through the transit system. See: Pirani, S., Stern, J. and Yafimava, K. (2009), The Russo-Ukrainian Gas Dispute of January 2009: A Comprehensive Assessment, OIES paper: NG27, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
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Page 4 and 5: Dear Readers, CASPIAN REPORT 2 It i
Page 6 and 7: CASPIAN CASPIAN REPORT 4 06 FATIH M
Page 8 and 9: FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 6 THE U.S.
Page 10 and 11: FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 8 shale rev
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Page 14 and 15: FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 12 SINCE TH
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Page 18 and 19: FATIH MACIT, HOLLY REHM 16 LNG’s
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Page 24 and 25: MANFRED HAFNER 22 THE DOCUMENT RECO
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Page 28 and 29: MANFRED HAFNER 26 TANAP, A PROJECTE
Page 30 and 31: MANFRED HAFNER 28 by the Shah Deniz
Page 32 and 33: MANFRED HAFNER 30 Snam Rete Gas has
Page 34 and 35: MANFRED HAFNER 32 THE ESTABLISHMENT
Page 36 and 37: MATTEO VERDA 34 LNG MARKET: TRENDS
Page 38 and 39: MATTEO VERDA 36 traditionally accou
Page 40 and 41: MATTEO VERDA 38 bcm), Brunei (9 bcm
Page 42 and 43: MATTEO VERDA 40 for transport vesse
Page 44 and 45: MATTEO VERDA 42 of the global LNG m
Page 46 and 47: MUBARIZ HASANOV 44 AN OVERVIEW OF E
Page 48 and 49: MUBARIZ HASANOV 46 Figure 1. Primar
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Page 52 and 53: Figure 7. Price of transport fuels
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Page 56 and 57: Figure 13. Breakdown of electricity
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Page 60 and 61: NINO KALANDADZE 58 become comprise
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Page 70 and 71: RADU DUDAU 68 THE UKRAINE CRISIS: L
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RADU DUDAU 70 RUSSIA HAS FREQUENTLY
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RADU DUDAU 72 Russia, which depends
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RADU DUDAU 74 WHAT INTERNATIONAL LA
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RADU DUDAU 76 THE NEAR FUTURE WILL
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RADU DUDAU 78 THE UKRAINIAN GOVERNM
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RADU DUDAU 80 parliament decided to
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Black Sea Serpents’ Island. RADU
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RADU DUDAU 84 (where Russia holds v
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RADU DUDAU 86 IN TERMS OF ENERGY, A
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WHY RUSSIA SIGNED A MAJOR GAS CONTR
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MESUT HAKKI CASIN 90 I will focus o
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Russian President Vladimir Putin sh
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Figure II: Russian energy infrastru
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Kazakhstan President Nursultan Naza
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MESUT HAKKI CASIN 98 economic devel
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Figure IV: China’s gas import sou
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THANOS DOKOS, THEODORE TSAKIRIS 102
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ARZU YORKAN 114 TURKEY’S RENEWABL
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ARZU YORKAN 116 is 12 th in the wor
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Figure 4: Solar Energy Potential At
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ARZU YORKAN 120 Figure 8: The share
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ARZU YORKAN 122 THE STRATEGY PAPER
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ARZU YORKAN 124 TURKEY HAS NOT YET
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CASPIAN
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THE EU AGREEMENT ON THE 2030 FRAMEW
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EU Commission President Jean Claude
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 132 THE PHANTOM OF R
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Russia’s gas giant Gazprom CEO, A
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CASPIAN CALL FOR PAPERS 136 Caspian
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Caspian Report - Issue: 08 - Fall 2014

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