Syngress - Eleventh Hour Network+ Exam N10-004 Study Guide (11 ...

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6 CHAPTER 1 Network Fundamentals ■ program like Microsoft SQL Server or mySQL installed on it. In the same way, a Windows Server 2008 server which must act as a Web server would need Internet Information Services (IIS) configured. By installing server software on the dedicated server, you define the role that the server will play on your network. Virtual Private Network A VPN provides users with a secure method of connectivity through a public network, such as the Internet, into the internal network of an organization. Most companies use dedicated connections to connect to remote sites. However, when users want to connect to that same corporate network from home over the Internet, it is important to consider security and require the additional security offered by encryption of the data using a VPN. It may also make sense to connect a small branch office using a VPN, which would cost less than a dedicated connection. WHAT IS A VPN When a VPN is implemented properly, it provides wide area security, reduces costs associated with traditional WANs, improves productivity, and improves support for users who telecommute. Cost savings are twofold. First, companies save money by using public networks such as the Internet instead of paying for dedicated circuits between remote offices. Second, telecommuters do not have to pay long-distance fees to connect into centrally-located, corporate remote access servers. They can simply dial into their local Internet service providers (ISPs) and create a virtual tunnel to the office. A tunnel is created by encapsulating a data packet inside another data packet and transmitting it over a public medium. Crunch Time Tunneling requires three different protocols: ■ Carrier Protocol The protocol used by the network (IP on the Internet) that the information is traveling over. ■ Encapsulating Protocol The protocol, such as Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), IPsec, or Secure Shell (SSH), that is wrapped around the original data. ■ Passenger Protocol The original data being carried. Essentially, there are two different types of VPNs: site-to-site and remote access. ■ Site-to-site VPNs are normally established between corporate offices that are separated by a physical distance extending further than normal local area network (LAN) media covers.
Physical Networking Models 7 ■ ■ VPNs are available as software implementations such as Windows VPN, available on Windows 2003 and 2008. ■ VPNs are available as hardware implementations which may be deployed on firewall devices such as Cisco PIX and Check Point. ■ Common protocols associated with VPN transmission security include the following: • PPTP – a tunneling protocol used to establish a secure tunnel connection between two sites • L2TP – a tunneling protocol used to establish a secure tunnel connection between two sites • SSH – an encryption protocol used to secure data passing through the tunnel • IPSec – an encryption protocol used to secure data passing through the tunnel • Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) – an encryption protocol used to secure data passing through the tunnel Remote access VPN, also known as a private virtual dial-up network (PVDN), differs from a site-to-site VPN in that end users are responsible for establishing the VPN tunnel between their workstation and their remote office. ■ Users connect to the Internet or an ESP through a point of presence (POP) using their particular VPN client software and then authenticate with the VPN server, usually by username and password. ■ Allows employees to transmit data to their home offices from any location. ■ Good solution choice for a company with many employees working in the field. Virtual Local Area Network VLANs allow network administrators to divide the network by designating certain switch ports as part of a logical network. While several computers or devices can be connected to the same physical network, they can all be separated logically through the use of a VLAN. Characteristics of VLANs are as follows: ■ ■ ■ VLAN databases can provide important details to any individual who is trying to discern the logical breakup of the network. VLANs logically divide the network and affect the traffic and security of a switched network. VLANs are commonly used in the enterprise or corporate computing networks to segment networks. PHYSICAL NETWORKING MODELS The topology of a network is the physical layout of computers, hubs, routers, cables, and other components. It provides a map of where things are and how the network is configured.
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Internet Access Methods 113 EXAM WA
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156 CHAPTER 10 Network Troubleshoot
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Glossary 177 Access Determines who
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188 Index Network troubleshooting,
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