Syngress - Eleventh Hour Network+ Exam N10-004 Study Guide (11 ...

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70 CHAPTER 4 Wireless Networking site survey uses the same tools an attacker uses, such as a sniffer and a WEP cracking tool (for 802.11 network site surveys). Summary of Exam Objectives WLANs are inherently insecure because of their very nature; the fact that they radiate radio signals–containing network traffic that can be viewed and potentially compromised by anyone within range of the signal. With the proper antennas, the range of WLANs is much greater than is commonly assumed. There are a number of different types of wireless networks that can be potentially deployed. These include HomeRF, Bluetooth, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a networks. The most common type of WLAN in use today is based on the IEEE 802.11g standard. The 802.11 standard defines the 64-bit Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol as an optional component to protect wireless networks from eavesdropping. WEP is insecure because it encrypts well-known and deterministic IP traffic in layer 3, and it is vulnerable to plaintext attacks. That is, it is relatively easy for an attacker to figure out what the plaintext traffic is (for example, a DHCP exchange) and compare that with the ciphertext, providing a powerful clue for cracking the encryption. Another problem with WEP is that it uses a relatively short (24-bit) IV to encrypt the traffic and WEP uses RC4 as the encryption algorithm, which is well known and recently it was discovered that it uses a number of weak keys. AirSnort and WEPCrack are well-known open-source tools that exploit the weak key vulnerability of WEP. The response to the weaknesses in WEP is the use of Wi- Fi Protected Access (WPA) which has a longer IV, a stronger algorithm, and a longer key. MAC filtering is another defensive tactic that can be employed to protect wireless networks from unwanted intrusion. Only the wireless station that possess adaptors that have valid MAC addresses are allowed to communicate with the AP. However, MAC addresses can be easily spoofed and maintaining a list of valid MAC addresses may be impractical in a large environment. Top Five Toughest Questions 1. You are a corporate user trying to connect to the company’s wireless network. When you look at the list of available networks, you do not find the corporate network listed. What is most likely the cause A. Wireless is turned off B. Incorrect mode C. Beaconing is turned off D. Interference 2. You are a corporate user trying to connect to the company’s wireless network. You are within the distance limit of the wireless network yet you
Site Surveys 71 are unable to find the network. When you move closer, the network then shows up. What could be the cause A. Structural interference between the access point and your machine B. Environmental interference such as electromagnetic interference C. Radio frequency interference from other devices D. All of the above 3. You are a corporate user trying to connect to the company’s wireless network. When you attempt to connect to the network, you are denied being able to connect, what could be the cause A. Wrong 802.11 standard B. Incorrect encryption type C. Bad username D. Interference 4. You are a user in a company who would like to connect to the company’s wireless network. The company uses access points for connection to the corporate LAN. To what mode should your wireless connection be set to attach to WAPs A. Ad Hoc B. Secure C. Infrastructure D. WPA 5. You are running a wireless network using 802.11g. You fear that someone might eavesdrop on your confidential information. What protocols could you use to protect your wireless network A. WPA B. 802.1X C. WEP D. Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) Answers 1. Correct answer and explanation: C. To protect wireless networks, often the SSID is not beaconed or sent out so wireless users can see it. To connect to this type of network, you must choose to connect manually, type in the SSID and choose to connect even if the SSID is not broadcasting. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and D. Answer A is incorrect because wireless is working for other users so this would not be the case. Answer B is incorrect because computers can choose automatically between infrastructure and ad hoc. Answer D is incorrect because interference would not cause the network to not show up. 2. Correct answer and explanation: D. All of these could be a problem. Structural interference such as thick walls, metal between the access point and computer could cause a shortening of distance. EMI environmentally
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Syngress is an imprint of Elsevier
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xii About the Authors Technical Edi
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156 CHAPTER 10 Network Troubleshoot
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Glossary 177 Access Determines who
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Glossary 179 Extensible Authenticat
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Glossary 181 Oscilloscope A cable t
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Glossary 183 Wireless Network A net
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186 Index Data link layer, 74-75 fu
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188 Index Network troubleshooting,
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