Syngress - Eleventh Hour Network+ Exam N10-004 Study Guide (11 ...

158 CHAPTER 10 Network Troubleshooting
along a path, or a link between two routers, is overloaded or has failed.
Some of the available command-line switches include the following:
■ tracert -d This switch will not resolve IP addresses to hostnames.
■ tracert -h maximum_hops This switch will indicate the maximum number
of hops that tracert will use to search for a target. The default value is 30
hops.
■ tracert -w timeout This switch indicates the amount of time each ping
will wait for each reply in milliseconds. The default value is 1000 ms.
EXAM WARNING
Do not get confused between tracert and traceroute; they are essentially the same tool
with different names. Tracert is used on Microsoft Windows systems and traceroute is
used on other systems such as Cisco’s Internetwork Operating System (IOS) as well as
UNIX and Linux.
■ Arp Allows you to view and manipulate entries in the TCP/IP arp cache. The
arp cache is a list of MAC addresses for computers that have been recently
contacted.
■ Ipconfig Allows you to view the IP configuration data for all NICs installed
on your local computer. Some of the available command-line switches are
as follows:
■ ipconfig/all This switch displays information about the DNS and Windows
Internet Naming Service (WINS) servers that your computer has
been configured with, as well as the MAC address of each installed NIC.
■ ipconfig/flushdns This switch is the command to clear the DNS cache on
the local computer.
■ ipconfig/displaydns This switch will show you the contents of the local
DNS cache.
■ ipconfig/registernds This switch will refresh Dynamic Host Control Protocol
(DHCP) leases for all NICs on the machine, and will reregister the
machine’s hostname and IP address with the DNS server.
■ Nbtstat This switch displays information specifically relating to NetBIOS
over TCP (NetBT). It is case sensitive. Some of the available command-line
switches are as follows:
■ nbtstat -n This switch displays the NetBIOS names that are registered for
the local computer.
■ nbtstat –RR This switch will release and refresh any NetBIOS name
registrations on the local computer.
■ nbtstat –R This switch will purge and reload the current contents of the
NetBIOS cache on the local machine from the LMHOSTS file that have
the “#PRE” tag.
■ nbtstat -c This switch will display the NetBIOS name cache of NetBIOS
names that have already been resolved on the local computer.
■ nbtstat –s This switch will display any existing NetBIOS sessions.