Syngress - Eleventh Hour Network+ Exam N10-004 Study Guide (11 ...

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154 CHAPTER 9 Network Management Long queues or indirect routes avoiding congestion might be some causes of latency within your VoIP network. Answer D is incorrect because the Internet is a complex mesh of interconnected routers connected across the world. There is no single path to a given destination. In fact, some packets travel in completely different paths and end up at the same destination. When there are delays in transit, some packets leaving after others might arrive at the destination first. This variation in packet delay is called “jitter.” Applications like VoIP cannot effectively be used if jitter is occurring. 5. Correct answer and explanation: B. Answer B is correct because load balancing is a technique used on computer networks to distribute the incoming traffic upon other network devices if there are indications of increased network traffic or “load.” Load balancing allows a group or cluster of data center servers to share the inbound traffic all the while seeming as if there actually is only one external connection to the Internet. In a typical network configured for load balancing, once traffic comes into the network via the one external entry point, it is distributed among other servers internally connected to share the high traffic volumes. Incorrect answers and explanation: A, C, and D. Traffic shaping, high availability, and packet shaping do not distribute incoming network traffic to other computer devices. Another common term used to describe the control of computer network traffic to optimize for peak performance is packet shaping. Increasing usable bandwidth and lowering latency are the goals of traffic shaping. This technique is used by specifying what traffic at what rate (rate limiting) in a span of time (bandwidth throttling) you are going to allow in or out of your network. More common is the use of traffic shaping at the border routers (those bordering your network’s perimeter) for delaying entering network traffic. High availability is a system design protocol, which once implemented assures a specific degree of uptime continuity in a specific period of time. The goal of high availability is to ensure that users have the maximum uptime, so they can access network resources anytime and anywhere.
CHAPTER 10 Network Troubleshooting 155 <strong>Exam</strong> objectives in this chapter ■ A Troubleshooting Methodology ■ The OSI Model ■ Windows Tools ■ Linux Tools ■ NetWare Troubleshooting ■ Other Network Troubleshooting Tools ■ Importance of Network Documentation ■ How to Use the OSI Model in Troubleshooting ■ Troubleshooting the Physical Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Data Link Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Network Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Transport Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Session Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Presentation Layer ■ Troubleshooting the Application Layer A TROUBLESHOOTING METHODOLOGY One of the key factors in network troubleshooting is isolating the issue to figure out whether it’s being caused by a single workstation or cable, or if it’s a larger issue affecting numerous users on your network. You can break down the troubleshooting process into two major components: ■ Gathering information ■ Analyzing the information you’ve gathered Your first step should be to gather information from your users about the nature of the problem, which can be used to determine which component of the network has failed or is misconfigured.
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