Syngress - Eleventh Hour Network+ Exam N10-004 Study Guide (11 ...

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86 CHAPTER 5 The OSI Model and Networking Protocols ■ ■ Information is stored in a management information base (MIB) and contains a set of objects, each of which represents a particular type of network information such as an event, an error, or an active session. SNMP employs UDP datagrams to send messages between the management console and the agents. Summary of Exam Objectives In this chapter, we covered the OSI model, the Microsoft model, and the DoD model, all of which are similar, share common core elements, but have differences as well. From the DARPA experiment came the understanding that networking would become increasingly common and increasingly complex. The OSI model was developed, based on the original DARPA model, and approved by the OSI subcommittee of the ISO. The OSI model defined seven layers for standard, reliable network communications: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The physical layer is responsible for signaling, transmission medium, and ones and zeros traversing the wire. The next layer, the data link layer, is where your MAC address is located. On Ethernet NICs, the physical or MAC address (also called the hardware address) is expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits, arranged in pairs with colons between each pair, for example, 12:3A:4D:66:3A:1C. In binary notation, this translates to a 48-bit (or 6-byte) number, with the initial three bytes representing the manufacturer and the last three bits representing a unique NIC made by that manufacturer. The data link layer is subdivided into two sub layers known as the LLC and MAC layer. The LLC sub layer is responsible for providing the logic for the data link, and thus, it controls the synchronization, flow control, and error checking functions of the data link layer. The TCP/IP suite provides the functionality specified in the OSI model using the four-related layers of the DoD model: network interface, Internet, host-to-host, and application. The network interface layer maps to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model and the Internet layer maps to the OSI network layer. The host-to-host layer maps to the OSI transport layer and DoD’s application layer maps to the session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI model. Some of the more commonly known application layer protocols are FTP, HTTP, POP3, WINS, DNS, and DHCP. Understanding the details of the TCP/IP suite is fundamental to managing computers in today’s networked environment. Being able to subnet, assign IP addresses, create subnet masks, and set up routing are essential skills you’ll need on the job and to successfully master the material on the Network+ exam. Top Five Toughest Questions 1. You are the system administrator for a small company that runs two Windows servers (Windows Server 2003) and two Linux servers (SUSE Linux).
Networking Protocols 87 You need to lock down the connections to the switch via port security; this essentially means you will need to retrieve the MAC addresses on the systems. MAC addresses are found on Linux server by issuing which command A. ipconfig/a B. ifconfig/a C. winipcfg/a D. ifconfig–a 2. You are a network administrator looking to implement technology into a company. You are told you need to build a network utilizing the IEEE 802.11 standard. From the list below, the IEEE 802.11 standard maps to which of the following (Select only one answer). A. Token Ring B. Wired Ethernet C. Metropolitan Area Network D. Wireless in Infrastructure mode 3. From the list of choices, which of the following media access methods is used for an IEEE 802.5 network A. Direct sequence B. Token passing C. CSMA/CD D. CSMA/CA 4. Which of the following is a valid MAC address A. 00:05:J6:0D:91:K1 B. 10.0.0.1 – 255.255.255.0 C. 00:05:J6:0D:91:B1 D. 00:D0:A0:5C:C1:B5 5. Standards for CSMA/CD are specified by which IEEE 802 sublayer A. 802.1 B. 802.2 C. 802.3 D. 802.5 Answers 1. Correct answer and explanation: D. It is very easy to confuse the system commands as they are very similar. Ifconfig-a is the correct command to use with Linux systems in order to view the MAC addresses. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect, it depicts the Windows command ipconfig. Answer B is incorrect, ifconfig is the correct command to use with Linux systems, however the switch depicted in this answer is incorrect. Answer C is incorrect, it depicts the Windows command winipcfg.
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