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NOTES N-3
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Chapter 5 Notes
1. Kvitek, R.G., J.S. Oliver, A.R. DeGange, and B.S. Anderson.
1992. Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities
along a gradient in sea otter predation. Ecology 73:413–428.
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3. Duggins, D.O. 1980. Kelp beds and sea otters: An experimental
approach. Ecology 61:447–453.
4. Kenyon, K.W. 1969. The sea otter in the eastern Pacific
Ocean. North American Fauna, no. 68. Washington, DC:
Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Department of
the Interior.
5. Sea otter 2008 population size from the following: U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center,
Santa Cruz Field Station, Spring 2008 Mainland California
Sea Otter Survey Results. Brian Hatfield and Tim Tinker,
brian_hatfield@usgs.gov, ttinker@usgs.gov June, 24 2008,
U.S. Geological Survey, http://www.werc.usgs.gov/otters/
ca-surveydata.html.
6. IUCN otter specialist group. 2006. http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Species/Enhydra_lutris.html#Distribution.
The current worldwide population estimate for E. lutris is
approximately 108,000.
7. Kvitek et al. Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey
communities.
8. Morowitz, H.J. 1979. Energy Flow in Biology. Woodbridge,
CT: Oxbow Press.
9. Brock, T.D. 1967. Life at high temperatures. Science
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10. NOAA Office of Protected Resources, http://www.nmfs.
noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/pinnipeds/harpseal.htm, accessed
June 26, 2009.
11. Lavigne, D.M., W. Barchard, S. Innes, and N.A. Oritsland.
1976. Pinniped bioenergetics. ACMRR/MM/SC/12. Rome:
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
12. Estes, J.A., and J.F. Palmisano. 1974. Sea otters: Their role in
structuring nearshore communities. Science 185:1058–1060.
13. Schrödinger, Erwin, 1944. What Is Life? The Physical Aspect
of the Living Cell. Cambridge: The University Press. Based
on lectures delivered under the auspices of the Institute of
Trinity College, Dublin, in February 1943. Widely reprinted
since then and available as a PDF file on the Internet.
14. Peterson, R.O. 1995. The Wolves of Isle Royale: A Broken Balance.
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15. Mitchell, W. Colgan. 1987 (December). Coral Reef Recovery
on Guam (Micronesia) after Catastrophic Predation by
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16. Tissot, Brian N. 2005. The Hawaiian reef ecosystem. Hawai’i
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17. Botkin, D.B. 1990. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for
the 21 st Century. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. Connell, J.H., and R.O. Slatyer. 1977. Mechanism of succession
in natural communities and their role in community stability
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20. Gomez-Pompa, A., and C. Vazquez-Yanes. 1981. Successional
studies of a rain forest in Mexico. In D.C. West, H.H.
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Application, pp. 246–266. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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22. MacMahon, J.A. 1981. Successional processes: Comparison
among biomes with special reference to probable roles of and
influences on animals. In D.C. West, H.H. Shugart, and
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pp. 277–304. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Chapter 6 Notes
1. Mau, S., D.L. Valentine, J.F. Clark, J. Reed, R. Camilli, and
L. Washburn, 2007. Dissolved methane distributions and
air-sea flux in the plume of a massive seep field, Coal Oil
Point, California. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L22603,
doi:10.1029/2007GL031344, 20.
2. Ding, H., and D.L. Valentine. 2008. Methanotrophic
bacteria occupy benthic microbial mats in shallow marine
hydrocarbon seeps, Coal Oil Point, California. Journal of
Geophysical Research Biogeosciences 113 (GI) G01015.
3. Leifer, I., B.P. Luyendyk , J. Boles, and J.F. Clark, 2006.
Natural marine seepage blowout: Contribution to atmospheric
methane. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB3008,
doi:10.1029/2005GB002668.