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N-16 NOTES<br />

22. Foukal, P., C. Frohlich, H. Sprint, and T. M. L. Wigley.<br />

2006. Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the<br />

<strong>Earth</strong>’s climate. Nature 443:151-166.<br />

23. Soon, W. 2007. Implications of the secondary role of carbon<br />

dioxide and methane forcing in climate change: P<strong>as</strong>t, present<br />

and future. Physical Geography 28(2): 97-125.<br />

24. IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: The Physical science b<strong>as</strong>is:<br />

Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment<br />

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25. Broker, W. 1997. Will our ride into the greenhouse future be<br />

a smouth one? Geology Today 7 no.5: 2-6.<br />

26. Steager, R. 2006. The source of Europe’s mild climate. American<br />

Scientist 94:334-341.<br />

27. Hidore, J. J., Oliver, J.E., Snow M., and Snow, R. 2010.<br />

Climatology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.<br />

28. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. El Niño–When the Pacific Ocean<br />

speaks, <strong>Earth</strong> listens. Accessed September 25, 2008 at wmv.<br />

jpl.n<strong>as</strong>a.gov.<br />

29. <strong>Botkin</strong>, D.B. 1990. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for<br />

the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press.<br />

30. NOAA. 2009. Global climate change impacts in the United<br />

States. W<strong>as</strong>hington, DC: Cambridge University Press. Editors:<br />

Thom<strong>as</strong> R. Karl, NOAA National Climatic Data Conter;<br />

Jerry M. Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory, Thom<strong>as</strong><br />

C. Peterson, NOAA National Climatic Data Center.<br />

31. IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Valencia,<br />

Spain: IPCC.<br />

32. Pelto, M.S. 1996. Recent Changes in Glacier and Alpine<br />

Runoff in the North C<strong>as</strong>cades, W<strong>as</strong>hington. Hydrological<br />

Processes 10:1173-80.<br />

33. Appenzeller, T. 2007. The Big Thaw. National Geographic<br />

211(6):56-71.<br />

34. Mote. P.W., and G. K<strong>as</strong>en, 2007. The shrinking glaciers of<br />

Kilimanjaro: can global warming be blamed? American Scientist<br />

95(4): 218-25.<br />

35. Stroeve, J., M. Serreze, and S. Drobot. 2008. “Arctic Sea Ice<br />

Extent Plummets in 2007. EOS, Transactions.” American<br />

Geophysical Union 89(2): 13–14.<br />

36. Parkinson, C. L. 2008. “Recent Trend Reversals in Arctic<br />

Sea Ice Extent—Possible Connections to the North Atlantic<br />

Oscillation.” Polar Geography 31(1):3-14.<br />

37. Morrison, J., J. Wahr, R. Kwok, and Perelta Ferriz. 2006.<br />

“Recent trends in Arctic Ocean M<strong>as</strong>s Distribution Revealed<br />

by GRACE.” Geophysical Reserve Letters. 34:L07602.<br />

38. <strong>Botkin</strong>, D.B. 2007. Forc<strong>as</strong>ting effects of global warming on<br />

biodiversity. Bio <strong>Science</strong> 57(3):227–236.<br />

39. Charmantier, A., Robin H. McCleery, Lionel R. Cole, Chris<br />

Perrins, Loeske E. B. Kruuk, Ben C. Sheldon. 2008, “Adaptive<br />

Phenotypic Pl<strong>as</strong>ticity in Response to Climate Change in<br />

a Wild Bird Population.” <strong>Science</strong> 320(5877): 800–803.<br />

40. Grime, J. P., J<strong>as</strong>on D. Fridley, Andrew P. Askew, Ken Thompson,<br />

John G. Hodgson, and Chris R. Bennett. 2008. “Longterm<br />

Resistance to Simulated Climate Change in an Infertile<br />

Gr<strong>as</strong>sland.” PNAS 105(29):10028 10032. <strong>Earth</strong> System<br />

<strong>Science</strong> Committee (1988). <strong>Earth</strong> System <strong>Science</strong>: A Preview.<br />

Boulder, Colorado: University Corporation for Atmospheric<br />

Research.<br />

41. Rogers, D. J., and S. E. Randolph. 2000. “The Global<br />

Spread of Malaria in a Future, Warmer World.” <strong>Science</strong><br />

289:1763–1766.<br />

42. Sumilo, D., Asokliene, L., Bormane, A. V<strong>as</strong>ilenko, V., and<br />

Golovijova,I. 2007. “Climate Change Cannot Explain the<br />

Upsurge of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Baltics.” PLoS<br />

ONE 2(6): e500 doi:10.1371/journa.pone.0000500.<br />

43. <strong>Botkin</strong>, D.B., 2010. Powering the Future: A Scientist’s Guide to<br />

Energy independence. (Pearson FT Press <strong>Science</strong>. May 2010.<br />

44. Dunn, S. 2001. “Decarbonizing the Energy Economy.” In<br />

World Watch Institute State of the World 2001. New York:<br />

Norton.<br />

45. Rice, C. W. 2002. “Storing Carbon in Soil: Why and How.”<br />

Geotimes 47(1):14–17.<br />

46. Friedman, S. J. 2003. “Storing Carbon in <strong>Earth</strong>.” Geotimes<br />

48(3):16–20.<br />

47. Bartlett, K. 2003. “Demonstrating Carbon Sequestration.”<br />

Geotimes 48 (3):22–23. 48 on P66 http://www. juliantrubin.<br />

com/bigten/photosynthesisexperiments.html; and a variety of<br />

other sources.<br />

48. http://www.IPCC.ch/pdf/presentations/<br />

himalanga-statement-20january2010.pdf<br />

Chapter 21 Notes<br />

1. National Park Service. 1984. Air Resources Management<br />

Manual.<br />

2. U.S. <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency. 2008. National air<br />

quality trends through 2007. www.epa.gov.<br />

3. Araujo, J.A. and 10 others. 2008. Ambient particulate pollutants<br />

in the ultrafine range promote early atherosclerosis<br />

and systematic oxidative stress. Circulation Research 102:<br />

589–596.<br />

4. Godish, T. 1991. Air Quality, 2d ed. Chelsea, MI.: Lewis<br />

Publishers.<br />

5. Seitz, F., and C. Plepys. 1995. Monitoring air quality in<br />

healthy peo ple 2000. Healthy People 2000: Statistical Notes<br />

no. 9. Atlanta: Centers for Dise<strong>as</strong>e Control and Prevention,<br />

National Center for Health Statistics.<br />

6. American Lung Association. 2009. State of the Air 2009.<br />

www. stateofftheair.org<br />

7. Moore, C. 1995. Poisons in the air. International Wildlife<br />

25:38– 45.<br />

8. Pope, C. A., III, D.V. Bates, and M.E. Raizenne. 1995.<br />

Health effects of particulate air pollution: Time for re<strong>as</strong>sessment?<br />

<strong>Environmental</strong> Health Perspectives 103:472–480.<br />

9. Travis, D.J., A.M. Carleton, and R.G. Lauritsen 2002. Contrails<br />

reduce daily temperature range. Nature 419:601.<br />

10. U.S. <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency. 2008. Acid Rain.<br />

www.epa.gov.<br />

11. Canadian Department of the Environment. 1984. The acid<br />

rain story. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.

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